Explanation: Universal joint is used when the shafts are inclined and intersecting. It is very compact in design and simple in construction. It is very effective at small angles of propeller shaft movement.

Explanation: (ωB / ωA) = (cos α) / (1 – cos2θ sin2α) where A = driving shaft and B = driven shaft and α is the angle between shaft A and shaft B. θ is the angle through which the shaft A rotates. Velocity ratio is maximum when θ = nπ where n = 1, 2, 3, …… i.e. θ = θ° or 180°.

Explanation: The major disadvantage of the open differential in that it transfers the power to the wheel even if it is on a slippery road. That’s why it is not used in off driving cars.

Explanation: Hypoid gears require special lubricant because of the extreme pressure between the teeth. The sliding motion of the teeth is effective due to the use of special lubricant.

Explanation: (ωB / ωA) = (cos α) / (1 – cos2θ sin2α) where A = driving shaft and B = driven shaft and α is the angle between shaft A and shaft B. θ is the angle through which the shaft A rotates. Velocity ratio is minimum when θ = m&pi/2 where m = 1, 3, 5, …… i.e. θ = 90° or 270°.

Explanation: The differential used to incorporate the speed of the rear wheels and front wheels during turning. It is located between the transmission and rear axle.

Explanation: (ωB / ωA) = (cos α) / (1 – cos2θ sin2α) where A = driving shaft and B = driven shaft and α is the angle between shaft A and shaft B. θ is the angle through which the shaft A rotates. Velocity ratio is unity when tanθ = ± \(\sqrt{cos\alpha} = ± \sqrt{cos35}\) = ± 0.90 i.e. θ = 42.145°, 222.145°, 317.85°, and 137.85°.

Explanation: The universal joint transfers the torque to two intersecting shafts. One or two universal joints are used depending upon the type of rear-drive used.

Explanation: (ωB / ωA) = (cos α) / (1 – cos2θ sin2α) where A = driving shaft and B = driven shaft and α is the angle between shaft A and shaft B. θ is the angle through which the shaft A rotates. Acceleration will be maximum when cos2θ = (2 sin2α) / (2 – sin2α) =(2 sin240°) / (2 – sin240°) = 0.5207 i.e. 2θ = 58.62 i.e. θ = 29.31°, 180° – 29.31° = 150.69°, 180° + 29.31° = 209.31°, 360° – 29.31° = 330.69°

Explanation: A two-piece propeller shaft requires a center support bearing. If there is a large wheelbase, the long propeller shaft is needed. So a two-piece propeller shaft is used in such case with a center support bearing. By incorporating this there is no sag or whirl.