Explanation: Alexander Fleming was trying to isolate the bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, as to make an antibacterial / antibiotic against it because its infection are severe and is the most antibiotic-resistant strain.

Explanation: Dr. Norman George Heatley was able to develop the technique for efficiently purifying Penicillin in bulk for animal tests and by this, he invented the technique back-extraction.

Explanation: The Deep-Tank Batch Fermentation in which there is the application of submerged culture technique which was able to produce Penicillin of Approximately 50mg/ml which grew on large scale during World War 2.

Explanation: Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium notatum both yields Penicillin but P.notatum also yields Notatin, P.notatum which was first discovered by Fleming but did not produced large amounts of penicillin in contrast to P.chrysogenum.

Explanation: Like all antibiotics, Penicillin is a secondary metabolite, so is only produced in the stationary phase as Bacteria produce secondary metabolite such as Antibiotics after the active stage (log phase) of the growth cycle.

Explanation: The Semi – Liquid mixture also known as “Undigested Slurry “which goes under the fermentation / anaerobic process and later on comes out as byproduct of fermentation process as “Digested Slurry”.

Explanation: For Large production of Penicillin a Batch Fermenter, and a Fed-Batch Process is normally used to prolong the stationary period and so as to increase the production of Penicillin and Batch is used over continuous fermenter for large scale production and fed-batch process is used to overcome its disadvantages.

Explanation: Potassium ions are added to precipitate salt of Penicillin, so as to get its pure form in the later stage and the process involved in this is salting out technique which also results in less loss of Penicillin during fermentation process.

Explanation: Procaine is an analgesic in nature as it is primarily used to reduce the pain of intramuscular injection of Penicillin and which is also the derivative of cocaine probably provides the longevity to Penicillin.

Explanation: Rotary drum tank reactor comes under Mechanically agitated bioreactors because it contains Stirrer paddle which provides efficient mixing and also causes production on a large scale.

Explanation: Surge tanks also known as a Recycle tank that recycles facility so that water could be circulated through the system during cleaning and sterilization of the plant and helps to overcome the disturbances in unit start-up time or batch-batch variation which commonly arises in batch operation.

Explanation: Separation is the first step in product recovery in downstream processing as it involves the separation of desired cells from the culture medium and which is mechanically done by Rotary Drum Filter.

Explanation: Penicillin is the Narrow spectrum antibiotic that only kills the specific bacteria or microorganisms and not the normal bacteria or microorganisms present in Human body, in this way human body is unaffected.