Explanation: Solid-state chemistry, often known as materials chemistry, is the study of the synthesis, structure, and characteristics of solid phase materials, notably non-molecular solids.

Explanation: Ice is the solid state of water, which is generally a liquid that freezes to a solid at temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit).

Explanation: Polymorphism is a condition in crystallography in which a solid chemical compound exists in several crystalline forms, each with somewhat different physical and chemical properties, but identical solutions and vapours.

Explanation: Solids don’t react usually at room temperature over normal scale timescale, It is required to heat them at much higher temperature often 1000◦C to 1500◦C, in order for a reaction to occur at an appreciable rate.

Explanation: In Solid state reactions thermodynamic factors show whether or not a particular reaction should occur by considering the change in free energy that are involved and kinetic factors determine the rate at which the reaction occurs.

Explanation: Surface area is always inversely related with the particle size. In the form of a single crystal, a few grams of solid has a surface area about to equal to the area of a large postage stamp. In the form of a finely divided powder, its surface area is about equal to the area of a hundred meter running track. Hence surface area increases with decrease in particle size.

Explanation: Zone melting method make the use of the principle that impurities usually concentrate in the liquid rather than in the solid phase. Impurities are therefore ‘swept out’ of the crystal by the moving molten zone. The method has been used for the purification and crystal growth of the high melting metals such as tungsten.

Explanation: Gases react much more quickly than do solids because mobilities are increased. In addition, the gaseous phase is often important in normal solid state reactions under isothermal conditions where it may act as a rapid means of transporting matter from one crystal to another.

Explanation: Melts are high temperature liquids whereas solutions are liquids at low temperatures. Thus on melting together the solid starting materials, complete homogenization occurs and recrystallization takes place on subsequent cooling of the melt.

Explanation: Aqueous solution, melt, glass or gel, is usually homogenous, single phase and amorphous. This may greatly facilitate formation of crystalline product, since long range diffusion of ions may not be necessary and the product my form at lower temperature.

Explanation: An electrolyte which is used to achieve electrolysis, is an ion conducting polymer which contains free ions that are able to carry the current in the electrolysis process, if the electrolyte is a solid conductor like solid salts then it will not contain free ions hence it will not be able to carry current, thus electrolysis will not take place.

Explanation: Chemical vapour deposition the films are formed by deposition of gaseous molecules, the decomposition can be achieved by for example, pyrolysis (i.e. heating), photolysis (i.e. irradiation with IR or UV light) or chemical reaction.

Explanation: Hydrothermal method can be a useful technique for growing single crystals by arranging for a suitable temperature gradient to be present in the reaction vessel, dissolution of the starting material may occur at the hot end reprecipitation at the cooler end.

Explanation: In zone melting method the thermal profile through the furnace is such that only a small part of the charge is melted at any one time. Initially, that part of the charge in contact with the seed crystal is melted. As the boat is pulled through the furnace, oriented solidification onto the seed occurs and at the same time, more of the charge melts.

Explanation: for the solid solutions the composition dependence if linear then Vegard’s law is obeyed, deviation from this law often occur in metallic solid solutions and when they occur can usually be ascribed to a structural feature in the solid solutions.

Explanation: Graphite has a planar ring structure and it has oblique projection showing the two-layer stacking sequence, it is possible to intercalate, for example, alkali cations, halide anions, ammonia and amines, oxysalts and metal halides between the carbon layers.

Explanation: In graphite structure, the carbon layers are stacked together with a two-layer repeat unit which may be represented as ABABAB. Thus some carbon atoms are directly over the carbon atoms in the layer below whereas others are over the space in the middle of the rings.

Explanation: Graphite ac as a host crystal that is capable of intercalating a wide variety of atoms, ions and molecules. And as such it has been extensively studied. It forms intercalating compounds like graphite fluoride, bronze etc, where it acts as a host crystal.