Explanation: Monotrichous bacteria have single flagellum (eg. Vibrio cholerae). Lophotrichous bacteria have multiple flagella in same spot which helps in unidirectional movement. Peritrichous bacteria (eg. E.coli) has flagella projecting in all directions. Amphitrichous bacteria have single flagellum on opposite ends.

Explanation: Certain cyanobacteria have the unique property to fix nitrogen i.e., conversion of nitrogen gas into reduced ammonia. Certain cyanobacteria remain in a symbiotic relationship in the roots of legume plants such as peas and help in nitrogen fixation. Eg. Rhizobium, Azotobacter, etc.

Explanation: The F-plasmid is an episome formed during bacterial conjugation. It contains its own origin of replication called as ‘OriV’ and Origin of transfer called as ‘OriT’.

Explanation: Tubulin proteins are the main building blocks of cilia in prokaryotic organisms. Dyenin forms bridges between neighbouring microtubule doublets in structure of cilia. Nexin is present between microtubule doublets and prevent them to slide over one another.

Explanation: Inside both cilia and flagella, is a microtubule-based cytoskeleton called axoneme. Axoneme is the central strand of either a cilium or flagellum which is composed of an array of microtubules. Microtubules are arranged in nine pairs around two central microtubule (9+2 combination).

Explanation: Teichoic acids are present in Gram positive and absent in Gram negative bacteria and they stain purple by Gram stain. Periplasmic space and outer membrane are present in Gram negative while they are absent in Gram positive bacteria. Lipolysaccharide content is high in Gram negative and almost none in Gram positive.

Explanation: Exotoxins are produced by Gram positive bacteria. Endotoxins are produced by Gram negative bacteria.

Explanation: The cell wall of Gram negative bacteria is thick and two layered. However, the cell wall of Gram positive bacteria is thick and single layered.

Explanation: Neisseria gonorrheae is an example of Gram negative bacteria. However, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Cornybacterium diptheriae, Streptococcus pyogene are some examples of Gram positive bacteria.