Explanation: Weight transfer and load transfer are two expressions used somewhat confusingly to describe two distinct effects: the change in load borne by different wheels of even perfectly rigid vehicles during acceleration, and the change in center of mass (CoM) location relative to the wheels because of suspension compliance or cargo shifting or sloshing. In the automobile industry, weight transfer customarily refers to the change in load borne by different wheels during acceleration. This is more properly referred to as load transfer, and that is the expression used in the motorcycle industry.

Explanation: Because Normal traffic growth is the increase in traffic volume due to the general increase in no of transportation vehicles from year to year.

In 2012, the Tourism department of Kerala announced plans to upgrade road signs in the state to include maps of nearby hospitals. The Noida Authority announced plans to replace older signboards with new fluorescent signage.

Explanation: In concrete pavement the longitudinal reinforcing steel is continuous throughout the pavement length. It is a joint less concrete pavement sufficiently reinforced to control cracking, without the aid of weakened transverse joints such as are used in ordinary or conventional type of jointed concrete pavement. Reinforced bars in the concrete are lapped to form continuous reinforcement holding the pavement together in all kinds of weather and preventing formation of large cracks that would otherwise reduce the service life of the pavement. CRCP has all the good features of concrete pavements such as durability, high structural strength, non-skid surface and good visibility at night, wet or dry—features which make concrete, and especially continuously reinforced concrete, a permanent road surfacing material.

In (automotive) vehicle dynamics, slip is the relative motion between a tire and the road surface it is moving on. This slip can be generated either by the tire’s rotational speed being greater or less than the free-rolling speed, or by the tire’s plane of rotation being at an angle to its direction of motion.

Where v is in m/s and t = reaction time(2.5sec acc. to IRC).

Explanation: Enoscope consists of a simple open housing containing a mirror mounted on a tripod at the side of the road in such a way that an observer’s line of sight turned through 90o. The observer stands at one end of section and on the other end enoscope is placed and measure the time taken by the vehicle to cross the section (fig 6.2). Advantages of this method are that it simple and eliminate the errors due to parallax and considerable time is required to time each vehicle, which lengthen the study period and under heavy traffic condition it may be difficult to relate ostentatious to proper vehicle are the disadvantages of enoscope method.

Explanation: On large construction projects, the superintendent’s (otherwise known as a ‘foreman’ outside the USA) job is to run the day-to-day operations on the construction site and control the short-term schedule. The role of the superintendent also includes important quality control and subcontractor coordination responsibilities. It is common for most finance-related tasks (especially labor and material cost control) and long-term scheduling to be handled by a project manager. The project manager and superintendent need to cooperate and share control effectively. Superintendents are almost universally stationed on the construction site, while project managers are usually based in the contractor’s office with part-time on site responsibilities.

Explanation: Plain cement concrete (PCC) is used to provide rigid impervious bed to RCC in foundation where the earth is soft and yielding. PCC can be used over brick flat soling or without brick flat soling. Plain cement concrete can also called only “cement concrete (CC)” or “binding concrete”.

Explanation: A chief engineer is a senior engineer in an organization. Typically they are in charge of an engineering department, and duties vary considerably depending on the industry. In public works, such as for a city, county, military division, or federal program, the engineering department often has a chief engineer. This is typically shown as “Office of the Chief Engineer” in organizational charts. This person or group is separate from the other engineering offices, and functions to coordinate their activities from an engineering perspective.