The ratio of the section modulus of a square section of side B and that of a circular section of diameter D, is




If M, I, R, E, F, and Y are the bending moment, moment of inertia, radius of curvature, modulus of elasticity stress and the depth of the neutral axis at section, then




If M, I, R, E, F, and Y are the bending moment, moment of inertia, radius of curvature, modulus of elasticity stress and the depth of the neutral axis at section, then




The radius of gyration of a rectangular section (depth D, width B) from a centroidal axis parallel to the width is




The locus of the end point of the resultant of the normal and tangential components of the stress on an inclined plane, is