Explanation: Paint is used to give good appearance to the surface. The decorative effects may be created by painting and the surface become hygienically good, clean, colourful and attractive.

Explanation: Varnish protects the unpainted wood surfaces of doors, Windows, roof trusses, floors, etc. from the action of atmospheric agencies. It should render the surface glossy.

Explanation: Paint protect the surface from weathering effects of the atmosphere and action by other liquids, fumes and gases. It prevents the care of wood and corrosion in metal.

Explanation: The term Varnish is used to indicate the solution of raisins or resinous substances prepared either in alcohol, oil or turpentine. It brightens the appearance of the grain in wood. It renders brilliancy to the painted surface.

Explanation: Base determines the character of the paint and imparts durability to the surface which is painted. It reduces shrinkage cracks formed on drying and it also forms an opaque layer to obscure the surface of the material to be painted.

Explanation: White lead possesses good bulk and is the most widely used base. It is dense, permanent and waterproof. It is not suitable for delicate work as lead becomes discoloured when exposed to the sulphur vapour. It is most suitable for wood surfaces and not used for iron surfaces as it does not afford protection against rusting.

Explanation: Red lead is quite suitable for painting iron surfaces and for providing of priming coat to the wood surfaces. It solidifies in a short time with linseed oil and hence it is used as a drier also.

Explanation: Oxide of Zinc or zinc oxide is smooth, transparent and non-poisonous. It is not discoloured when exposed to the sulphur vapour. It has less bulk and hence it is costly. It is less durable and it is difficult to work.

Explanation: The tint of paint varies from yellowish brown to black. It mixes easily with the vehicle. It is effective in preventing rusting of iron surfaces. It is cheap and durable. It is generally used for the priming coat of the iron surfaces.

Explanation: Aluminium powder keeps moisture content of the wood surface is practically the same. It also prevents cracking and wrapping of wood. It is generally used for a priming coat to new woodwork.

Explanation: Lithopone is cheap and it can easily be applied on the surface. It is similar in appearance to oxide of zinc. However, when exposed to Daylight, it changes colour. Hence it is used for interior work of inferior nature.

Explanation: Vehicles are mainly required for two reasons: that is to make it possible to spread the paint evenly and uniformly on the surface in the form of thin layer and to provide a Binder for the ingredients of paint so that they may stick or adhere to the surface.

Explanation: Linseed oil is extracted from flax seeds. The linseed oil prepared from fine full grown ripe seeds is clear and transparent, pale, sweet to the taste and particularly odourless. It is used in various grades.

Explanation: At present, the heat treatment is used for stand oil. This oil dries slowly and provides a durable, clean and shining finish. Whereas, Tung oil is far superior to linseed oil and is used for preparing paints of superior quality.

Explanation: Boiled linseed oil is prepared by adding some quantity of dryer such as litharge or red lead to the raw oil. It cannot be used for interior delicate work. It is used for exterior surfaces.