Explanation: Malicious hackers can gain illegal access at OS level, application level or network level if the penetration testers or ethical hackers lack in testing and reporting the vulnerabilities in a system.

Explanation: After gaining access to a system, the hacker needs to keep a path open so that he/she in future can access the system. Therefore, backdoors are set which will later allow the attacker to gain access through it easily.

Explanation: The Powersploit is an access maintaining tool used for Windows systems. This tool is used for gaining re-access to the victim’s system using PowerShell.

Explanation: Wireshark is not a tool for maintaining access because it is used for analysing network protocols at a microscopic level (very minutely). It is an interactive tool for data traffic analysing on any computer.

Explanation: Tracks clearing or covering tracks is the name of the phase where the hackers delete logs of their existence & other activity records they do during the hacking process. This step is actually an unethical one.

Explanation: Port scanning is a method used in the scanning phase. Altering or changing log files, tunnelling for hiding your identity and removing footprints from different sites are examples of clearing tracks.

Explanation: In the reporting phase, the penetration tester or ethical hacker has to assemble all the flaws along with the tools and processes used for detecting then and report it to the firm or organization.

Explanation: SuperScan, TcpView and OWASP Zed are tools used for scanning footprints. Maltego is not a footprint-scanning tool. It is used for reconnaissance purpose only.