Explanation: The different vulnerabilities of the Transport layer are mishandling of undefined, poorly defined, Vulnerability that allow “fingerprinting” & other enumeration of host information, Overloading of transport-layer mechanisms etc. Unauthorized network access is an example of physical layer vulnerability.

Explanation: Vulnerabilities of session layer of the OSI model are spoofing and hijacking of data based on failed authentication attempts, weak or non-existent authentication mechanisms, and the passing of session-credentials allowing intercept and unauthorized use.

Explanation: Session identification may be subject to spoofing may lead to data leakage which depends on failed authentication attempts and allow hackers to allow brute-force attacks on access credentials.

Explanation: Transmission mechanisms can be subject to spoofing & attacks based on skilled modified packets. This type of attacks is done in the transport layer of the OSI model.

Explanation: Cryptographic flaws may be exploited to circumvent privacy, unintentional or ill-directed use of superficially supplied input, and poor handling of unexpected input are examples of presentation layer flaws.

Explanation: Application design flaws may bypass security controls, inadequate security controls as well as logical bugs in programs may be by chance or on purpose be used for crashing programs. These all are part of application layer vulnerability.

Explanation: Overloading of transport-layer mechanisms is an example of transport layer vulnerability. Other examples of Transport layer vulnerability are mishandling of undefined, poorly defined, Vulnerability that allows “fingerprinting” & other enumeration of host information.

Explanation: Weak or non-existent mechanisms for authentication is an example of session layer vulnerability. Other examples are spoofing and the hijacking of data based on failed-authentication attempts & passing of session-credentials allowing intercept and unauthorized use.

Explanation: Poor handling of unexpected input is an example of presentation layer vulnerability. Cryptographic flaws may be exploited to circumvent privacy, unintentional use of superficially supplied input are some other examples of presentation layer vulnerability.

Explanation: Very complex application security controls can be an example of application layer vulnerability. Inadequate security controls, as well as logical bugs in programs, are some other examples of such type.