Explanation: 3-6 minutes is the minimum mixing time for (single-auger) vertical feed mixers. The feed is mixed into the acceptable mixing range (below 10%) until 3 minutes had elapsed.

Explanation: The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), is the public health regulatory agency responsible for ensuring that United States commercial supply of meat, poultry, and egg products is safe, wholesome, and correctly labeled and packaged.

Explanation: The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) is part of the Food Animal Residue Avoidance & Depletion Program, which has served the veterinary profession for more than 35 years.

Explanation: Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease of animals caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium bovis, (M.bovis) which is closely related to the bacteria that cause human and avian tuberculosis.

Explanation: Release of the hormone oxytocin from the cow’s pituitary gland in the brain into the bloodstream, where it travels to the udder and causes several important processes to occur. Processes include milk letdown and urine contraction.

Explanation: Under perfect conditions, the cow has a calf every year. When the cow freshens for the first time and becomes part of the milking herd.

Explanation: The National Research Council (NRC) is the Government’s premier research organization supporting industrial innovation, the advancement of knowledge and technology development, and fulfilling government mandates.

Explanation: Non-protein nitrogen (or NPN) is a term used in animal nutrition to refer collectively to components such as urea, biuret, and ammonia, which are not proteins but can be converted into proteins by microbes in the ruminant stomach.

Explanation: Cattle are easily changed from corn silage to a high-grain finishing ration. Corn silage is often used to furnish minimum roughage levels in high-grain finishing rations. Corn silage, stored in upright, top-unloading silos, should be chopped at 62 to 65 percent moisture.