Explanation: The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has three main goals including the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.

Explanation: The Convention on Biological Diversity signed on 5 June 1992. It was signed in Rio de Janeiro. As of now there are 196 parties and 168 signatories are there. Secretary General of the United Nations is the depositary.

Explanation: Though the Convention on Biodiversity signed in 1992, it entered into force on 29 December 1993. In 2010, the 10th Conference of Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in October in Nagoya, Japan.

Explanation: The Convention on Biological Diversity dealt with the issue of sharing the results of research and development from the commercial of genetic resources with the Contracting Party providing such resources.

Explanation: The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety which is also known as the Biosafety Protocol was adopted in January 2000. The Biosafety Protocol clearly said that products from new technologies must be based on the precautionary principle.

Explanation: The first ordinary meeting of the parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity took place in the months of November and December 1994, in Nassau, Bahamas. It is known as 1994 Conference of the parties (COP).

Explanation: The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources adopted on 29 October 2010 in Nagoya, Japan. It entered into force on 12 October2014. Its objective is the equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources.

Explanation: Geological events in the landmass have provided conditions for high levels of biological diversity in India. A split in the single continent around 70 million years ago led to the formation of northern and southern continents, with India as part of Gondwanaland along with other continents.

Explanation: India is one of the top countries in the bio-richness. This is because for its great variety of plants and animals. Many of the plants and animals are not found elsewhere. It is estimated that the number of unknown species found in India could be several times higher.

Explanation: In 1972, Whittaker described three terms for measuring biodiversity over spatial scales. The three terms are alpha, beta, and gamma diversity. Alpha diversity refers to the diversity within a particular area.

Explanation: In the year 1988, Myers introduced the term hotspot of biodiversity. Hotspots of biodiversity are areas which exhibit high species richness as well as high species endemism. To qualify as a hotspot a region must contain at least 1500 species of vascular plants and it should lost at least 70 percent of its original habitat.

Explanation: In 1998, Conservation International identified 17 mega diverse countries. The term mega diverse country refers to any one of the group of nations that contains the majority of Earth’s species and high number of endemic species.

Explanation: India is one of the mega diverse countries. India contains majority of Earth’s species and high numbers of endemic species. India has the great variety of ecological conditions prevailing. India vast diversity helps it to become a mega diverse nation.

Explanation: Biodiversity is not distributed evenly across the globe. India is one of country where biodiversity is not distributed evenly. India is a mega diverse country has only 2.4% of the land area of the worlds, but accounts around 7.8% of the species of the world.