Q.1.
What is evolution, according to Darwin?

In his book, “The Origin of Species,” Charles Darwin had explained that evolution is slow but a gradual and continuous process.

Q.2.
Where are fossils most commonly preserved?

Sedimentary rocks are the places where the fossils are found to be mostly preserved. These rocks are found on ocean beds, lakes, and rivers.

Q.3.
Where did life originate on Earth?

Life on Earth is estimated to have first originated in oceans billions of years ago when Earth was probably filled with only oceans with minimum traces of land.

Q.4.
Name a fossil that looks like a bird but has many other features found in reptiles?

Archaeopteryx is a fossil of a bird that was discovered in 1861 in Germany, but it had features of reptiles as well proving that one species originated from another.

Q.5.
What is the name of the process by which new species develop from existing species?

Speciation is the term used to describe the evolution of one species from another, i.e., formation of new species with distinct characteristics while inheriting some characteristic of the old species.

Q.6.
Aves (Birds) have evolved from which species?

Aves, commonly known as birds, originated from reptiles. However, the evolution is estimated to have started from the dinosaurs of the Jurassic period around 150 million years ago.

Q.7.
Which hominid was the first to evolve?

The earliest ancestors of the human family are said to be Ardipithecus ramidus who are estimated to have lived on Earth about 4.4 million years ago.

Q.8.
Who invented the theory of the evolution of species by natural selection?

The book “Origin of Series,” written by Charles Darwin, is the basis for studying the history of the evolution of species on Earth.

Q.9.
On what basis is the age of rocks calculated?

Radiometric dating involves looking at two samples of isotopes and comparing their proportions to determine the age of a rock.