Explanation: DRAM is used in PCs and Embedded systems because of its low cost. SRAM, flash memory and EEPROM are more costly than DRAM.

Explanation: The devices which use non-volatile memory allow the software to be download and returned in the device. UV erasable EPROM is favorable but EEPROM is also gaining favor. Therefore, this type of memory is used in low volume production.

Explanation: There are many design activities associated with the platforms in the embedded system and one such is the task-level concurrency management which helps in identifying the task that needed to be present in the final embedded systems.

Explanation: The algorithmic level simulates the algorithm which is used within in the embedded system.

Explanation: The system communicates with the outside world through peripherals.

Explanation: The compilers can reduce the energy consumption of the embedded system and the compilers performing the energy optimizations are available.

Explanation: In addition to the general purpose registers, a stack pointer, program counter, and two index registers are included in Z80. It was also used in many embedded designs because of its high-quality performance and for its in-built refresh circuitry for DRAMs.

Explanation: The MESI protocol supports a shared state which is a formal mechanism for controlling the cache coherency by using the bus snooping techniques. MESI refers to the states that cached data can access. In MESI protocol, multiple processors can cache shared data.

Explanation: The serial ports are considered to be the pin efficient method of communication between other devices within an embedded system.

Explanation: The SDS is one of the simulation tool used in the embedded systems. CPU simulator and the low-level simulator are the other kinds of the simulator used in the embedded system design.

Explanation: The resources have to be protected in an embedded system and the most important resource to be protected is the memory which is protected by the memory management unit through different programming.

Explanation: There are certain software components that can be reused in an embedded system design. These are the operating systems, real-time databases and some other forms of middleware.

Explanation: The ICE or in-circuit emulation is one the traditional method used to emulate the processor in the embedded system so that the software can be downloaded and can be debugged in situ in the end application.

Explanation: Tiwari proposed the first power model in the year 1974. The model includes the so-called bases and the inter-instruction instructions. Base costs of the instruction correspond to the energy consumed per instruction execution when an infinite sequence of that instruction is executed. Inter instruction costs model the additional energy consumed by the processor if instructions change.

Explanation: Microcontrollers are the CPUs which have integrated memory and peripherals whereas microprocessor offers external chips for memory.

Explanation: Some controllers use a special package called piggyback socket on the top of the package to allow the EPROM for prototyping.

Explanation: Umbrella device is capable of providing prototyping support for a range of microcontrollers.

Explanation: Only one set of registers can be used at one time and the switching of registers and data transfer is performed by the EXX instruction.