Explanation: Succession is the universal process of change in community composition over an ecological time scale. It is a unidirectional change.

Explanation: When the succession reaches to the point of relative stability, it is considered as the climax community. It marks the end point of the succession.

Explanation: Selection pressure has been categorized by the process of growth pattern, i.e., r-selection and k-selection. R-selection applies in early stage while k-selection in late stage.

Explanation: Entropy measures the degree of randomness. Early stage has high entropy while late stage has low entropy.

Explanation: Succession happens in a bare area where no community existed before is known as a primary, community and the succession which is followed by the destruction of primary community is called secondary succession.

Explanation: Nudation is the first stage of succession where there is a development of the bare area by several external factors takes place.

Explanation: The bare area in autotrophic succession develops by several factors like climatic, biotic, and topographic.

Explanation: Clement had given the term climax to describe the idealized endpoint of succession. The climax is the final community which cannot be replaced further.

Explanation: Disclimax community is the stable community which is maintained by a man and his domestic animals. It is also known as disturbance climax.

Explanation: Tansley developed the polyclimax theory which shows the mosaic vegetational climax controlled by soil moisture, nutrient and topography.

Explanation: Ecesis is considered as the complete as it describes the adjustment of the species and its successful establishment in any new area.

Explanation: Biodiversity varies with changes in altitude or latitude. It increases when we move from poles to equator. There is a decrease in biodiversity as we move from lower to the higher altitude, i.e., mountain.