The process of helping users see patterns and relationships in large amounts of data by presenting the data in graphical form is called Data visualization. Data visualization refers to techniques used to communicate insights from data through visual representation. Its main goal is to distill large datasets into visual graphics to allow for easy understanding of complex relationships within the data.

AIS stands for Accounting Information Systems. An accounting information system (AIS) is a structure that a business uses to collect, store, manage, process, retrieve and report its financial data so it can be used by accountants, consultants, business analysts, managers, chief financial officers (CFOs), auditors, regulators, and tax agencies.

Electronic Filing, Voice Mail are the reponsibilities of Office Automation System. Office automation systems (OAS) are configurations of networked computer hardware and software. A variety of office automation systems are now applied to business and communication functions that used to be performed manually or in multiple locations of a company, such as preparing written communications and strategic planning.

Processing activity of an Information System converts raw input into a meaningful form. Input, processing, and output are the three activities in an information system that produce the information an organization needs. Input captures or collects raw data from within the organization or from its external environment. Processing converts this raw input into a meaningful form.

Network manager typically manage the operation of specific LAN and WAN. Network Manager is a program for providing detection and configuration for systems to automatically connect to networks.

Critical information for top management is provided by Executive information system. Executive support systems are intended to be used by the senior managers directly to provide support to non-programmed decisions in strategic management.

The analysis and design of application systems are the responsibility of a System Analyst. A systems analyst is an IT professional who works on a high level in an organization to ensure that systems, infrastructures and computer systems are functioning as effectively and efficiently as possible.

Security systems based on physical or behavioral traits are called Biometrics. Biometric technologies are automated methods for verifying or recognising the identity of a living person based on physical or behavioural characteristics. By using biometric technologies in all aspects of ITS security we can enhance security, but safety and protection as well.

The overall recruit process will be control by HR person. Human resources specialists are responsible for recruiting, screening, interviewing and placing workers. They may also handle employee relations, payroll, benefits, and training. Human resources managers plan, direct and coordinate the administrative functions of an organization.

The process of transforming plain text or data into cipher text that cannot be read by anyone other than the sender and the intended receiver is called Encryption. Encryption is a way of scrambling data so that only authorized parties can understand the information. In technical terms, it is the process of converting plaintext to ciphertext. In simpler terms, encryption takes readable data and alters it so that it appears random.

Structured decisions are repetitive and routine in nature. Structured decisions are the decisions which are made under the established situations for example hiring a new employee while unstructured decisions are made under the emergent situation, for example fire breakout.

Application software describes the programs that are written for users system. Applications software (also called end-user programs) include such things as database programs, word processors, Web browsers and spreadsheets.

The person who ensures that systems are developed on time, within budget, and with acceptable quality is a Project manager. A project manager is the person responsible for leading a project from its inception to execution. This includes planning, execution and managing the people, resources and scope of the project.

User training and system conversion belong to Implementation phase of SDLC. The project takes shape during the implementation phase. This phase involves the construction of the actual project result. The implementation phase is the doing phase, and it is important to maintain the momentum.

Icons is small figures that look like a file folder appears in the screen. An icon is a pictogram or ideogram displayed on a computer screen in order to help the user navigate a computer system. The icon itself is a quickly comprehensible symbol of a software tool, function, or a data file, accessible on the system and is more like a traffic sign than a detailed illustration of the actual entity it represents.

An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware. An operating system is a software which performs all the basic tasks like file management, memory management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

A task of developing a technical blueprint and specifications for a solution that fulfills the business requirements is undertaken in the following phase of the system development process is System design. System design is the process of designing the elements of a system such as the architecture, modules and components, the different interfaces of those components and the data that goes through that system.

ESS and GDSS are mostly used by Senior Executive. GDSS and ESS are systems for decision making, and they create a special set of challenges and opportunities.

Plotters is a device that makes pen and ink drawings of lines, curves and shapes. A plotter is a computer vector graphic printer that gives a hard copy of the output based on instructions from the system. Plotters are widely used to print designs of things such as cars, ships and buildings on a piece of paper using a pen.

Determining whether reliable hardware and software required by a proposed system is available or can be acquired by the computer using organization is called Technical feasibility. Technical feasibility is the process of validating the technology assumptions, architecture and design of a product or project.

In communication Software controls the input and output activities. CPU is the component that actually responsible for interpreting and executing most of the commands from the computer hardware and software and also controls the operation of all other components such as memory and input and output devices.

Input involves capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed.

Developing Products, Services, or Process that give a Company a Superior Business Position is termed as Competitive Advantage. Competitive advantage is the leverage a business has over its competitors. This can be gained by offering clients better and greater value. Advertising products or services with lower prices or higher quality piques the interest of consumers. Target markets recognize these unique products or services.

A supply strategy in which components arrive exactly at the moment they are needed is called Just-in-time. Just-In-Time services involve the process of producing and delivering finished goods at the time they are required for sale, partly finished goods at the time needed for assembly into finished goods, parts and components required for partly finished goods, or materials that are needed to be made into those parts.

In network while transferring the data, whole is divided in to Packets. Devices on a TCP/IP network divide data into small pieces, allowing the network to accommodate various bandwidths, to allow for multiple routes to a destination, and to retransmit the pieces of data which are interrupted or lost.

In networks can be classified by their shape are called Topology. The arrangement of a network which comprises of nodes and connecting lines via sender and receiver is referred as network topology.

Data encryption concept is used for data transfer purposes. Data encryption translates data into another form, or code, so that only people with access to a secret key (formally called a decryption key) or password can read it. Encrypted data is commonly referred to as ciphertext, while unencrypted data is called plaintext.

Prototyping replaces unplanned work with Planned iteration. Prototyping is more explicitly iterative than the conventional life cycle, and it actively promotes system design changes. It has been said that prototyping replaces unplanned rework with planned iteration, with each version more accurately reflecting users' requirements.

Where, when and how to apply knowledge is referred as Wisdom. Wisdom is the right use of knowledge. To know is not to be wise. Many men know a great deal, and are all the greater fools for it. There is no fool so great a fool as a knowing fool. But to know how to use knowledge is to have wisdom.

The system is an orderly grouping of various components linked together to reach a specific objective. The word System is derived from Greek word Systema, which means an organized relationship between any set of components to achieve some common cause or objective.