| Classes | Major pigments | Stored food | Flagella |
| Chlorophyceae | Chlorophyll a and b | Y | 2 – 13, equal, apical |
| Phaeophyceae | X | Mannitol, Laminarin | 2, unequal, lateral |
| Rhodophyceae | Chlorophyll a and c | Floridean starch | Z |
| Gemma | Endosperm | |
| (A) | For asexual reproduction | For nutrition of developing embryo |
| (B) | For sexual reproduction | For embryo formation |
| (C) | For vegetative propagation | For formation of male gametes |
| (D) | For giving nutrition | For giving protection |