The primary function of lymph nodes is the filtering of lymph to identify and fight infection. In order to do this, lymph nodes contain lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, which includes B cells and T cells Answer : (b)

Answer : (a)

Answer : (d)

Heart rate is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute. Now during each contraction oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood circulate once. Normal hart beat per minute is 72 Answer : (d)

Atrioventricular (AV) valve :The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is the mitral (bicuspid) valve; the right AV valve is the tricuspid valve. When they close heard as dub or S2 sound which is louder Answer : (c)

Purpura is a condition of red or purple discolored spots on the skin that do not blanch on applying pressure. The spots are caused by bleeding underneath the skin usually secondary to vasculitis or dietary deficiency of vitamin C. Answer : (d)

The rhesus(Rh) blood type named after the rhesus monkey was first discovered in 1937 by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Wiener. Answer : (b)

Answer : (c)

Systole is the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries Answer : (d)

Answer : (a)

The tunica media, is the middle tunica (layer) of an artery or vein Answer : (d)

Cardiac output is a term used that describes the volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by a left or right ventricle Answer : (c)

A heart murmur is an unusual sound heard between heartbeats. Murmurs sometimes sound like a whooshing or swishing noise. Abnormal heart murmurs in adults are related to defective heart valves Answer : (c)

Answer : (a)

Answer : (b)

Atherosclerosis a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of cholesterol on their inner walls. Thrombosis local coagulation or clotting of the blood in a part of the circulatory system. Stenosis the abnormal narrowing of a passage in the body. Rhinitis inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose, caused by a virus infection (e.g. the common cold) or by an allergic reaction Answer : (a)

Haemophilia is commonly called Royal disease Haemophilia a medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, Answer : (c)

Answer : (c)

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cells while leukocytes are equivalently termed in general as white blood cells. Plasma is the part of the blood that contains both the serum and clotting factors. Sinuatrial node is present in right atria. it is called pacemaker because it generates impulese for beating of heart. Or pace maker Atrioventricular node is present in atrio-ventricular septum. it is called pacesetter because it regulates heart beats Answer : (c)

Answer : (b)

Blood circulate twice in heart. Answer : (b)

Blood platelets release thromboplastin required for blood clotting Eosinophil are implicated in numerous inflammatory processes, especially allergic disorders. Neutrophils are white blood cells that play some very important roles in our innate immune system. lymphocytes function to eliminate the antigen, either by releasing antibodies (in the case of B cells), cytotoxic granules (cytotoxic T cells) or by signaling to other cells of the immune system (helper T cells). Answer : (a)

Statement (i) wrong because The heart and blood vessels are derived from embryonic mesoderm germ-layer cells that differentiate after gastrulation into mesothelium, endothelium and myocardium. Mesothelial pericardium forms the outer lining of the heart. Statement (ii) wrong because The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve, the opening between left atrium and left ventricle. Statement (iii) correct because The SA node consists of a cluster of cells that are situated in the upper part of the wall of the right atrium (the right upper chamber of the heart). Statement (iv) correctThe amount of blood put out by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction is called the stroke volume. The stroke volume and the heart rate determine the cardiac output. Or Stroke volume × Heart rate = Cardiac output. Answer : (d)

A normal adult has a cardiac output of 5 L/min; assuming a heart rate of 70 beats/min Thus volume of blood each ventrical pump during each cardiac cycle = 5000ml/70min= 71.43 ml approx 70 ml Answer : (a)

Rh+ husband and Rh- wife baby will have Rh+ which causes hemolytic disease of the newborn, Answer : (d)

Decreased sodium lowers blood volume, causing the blood pressure to drop and the heart rate to increase. Sodium increases raise blood volume and cause fluid to accumulate, forcing your heart to work harder Answer : (b)

The vagus, is the tenth cranial nerve or CN X, and interfaces with parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs and digestive tract. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) releases the hormone acetylcholine to slow the heart rate Answer : (b)

blood group, antibodies and antigens Answer : (d)

Answer : (a)

	Hepatic portal system	Renal portal system
Origin	Different parts of the digestive system such as stomach, intestine, pancreas, spleen etc. and veins come from hind limb are united together and enters into liver and breaks into capillaries instead open to heart	The femoral and sciatic vein united together to form renal portal vein this vein open into kidney and breaks into capillaries
Destination	Liver	Kidney
Function	Absorbed food of alimentary canal and transport into liver. This food is differentiated into liver and sends them to the place of necessary and store the excess food	By the system filtration of metabolic waste and excretion of these materials of the blood by the kidney is done
Significance	The absorbed food is stored into liver not circulated meaning lastly into the body and food is distributed when in need	To separate the waste materials from the blood before entering the heart while brings into the kidney to filter and purify

The renal portal system is absent in the rabbit. Only Hepatic portal system is present in rabbit. A renal portal system is a portal venous system found in all living vertebrates except for hagfish, lampreys, and mammals. The portal system is defined as a system of blood vessels in which veins carrying blood from different parts of the body is first broken up into capillaries in another organ like kidney or liver then the blood is collected by another set of capillaries which unite to form another vein that carries blood to the heart. Answer : (d)