Correct answer is hypertension Answer : (a)

Hypertension stage 3. Blood pressure is 190/110 mmHg may cause Bleeding into the brain (stroke), Heart failure. Chest pain (unstable angina), Fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema) Heart attack, Aneurysm (aortic dissection). Answer : (c)

Normal systolic pressure(upper number) is 90-120 and diastolic pressure is 60-80 Lower number Answer : (a)

The amount of blood put out by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction is called the stroke volume. The stroke volume and the heart rate determine the cardiac output. Answer : (c)

Type	You can give blood to	You can receive blood from
A+	A+; AB+	A+; A-; O+; O-
O+	O+; A+; B+; AB+	O+, O-
B+	B+; AB+	B+; B-; O+; O-
AB+	AB+	Every one
A-	A+; A-, AB+; AB-	A-, O-
O-	Every one	O-
B-	B+, B-, AB+. AB-	B-, O-
AB-	AB+, AB-	AB-; A-; B-; O-

Answer : (d)

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure readings. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). It represents the force that the heart generates each time it contracts. Now resting blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg, pulse pressure is 40 mmHg. Answer : (c) Answer : (c)

Thrombocytes are small blood components produced in the bone marrow with a key role in blood clotting. The main function of thrombocytes is to stop bleeding from injured blood vessels Answer : (c)

Statement (b) is wrong as Angina is chest pain or discomfort when there is not enough blood flow to heart muscle. Statement (c) is wrong Person with blood group AB can donate blood to other person having blood group AB Answer : (b)

Phagocytosis, process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles. Hemolysis: The destruction of red blood cells which leads to the release of hemoglobin from within the red blood cells into the blood plasma Diapedesis is the movement or passage of white blood cells, through intact capillary walls into surrounding body tissue. Answer : (c)

Serum is the component that is neither a blood cell nor a clotting factor; it is the blood plasma not including the fibrinogens. Serum includes all proteins not used in blood clotting and all the electrolytes, antibodies, antigens. Thus not all component of blood except RBC and some protein Answer : (a)

	Hepatic portal system	Renal portal system
Origin	Different parts of the digestive system such as stomach, intestine, pancreas, spleen etc. and veins come from hind limb are united together and enters into liver and breaks into capillaries instead open to heart	The femoral and sciatic vein united together to form renal portal vein this vein open into kidney and breaks into capillaries
Destination	Liver	Kidney
Function	Absorbed food of alimentary canal and transport into liver. This food is differentiated into liver and sends them to the place of necessary and store the excess food	By the system filtration of metabolic waste and excretion of these materials of the blood by the kidney is done
Significance	The absorbed food is stored into liver not circulated meaning lastly into the body and food is distributed when in need	To separate the waste materials from the blood before entering the heart while brings into the kidney to filter and purify

Answer : (d)

The brain receives oxygenated blood from two sources: the internal carotid arteries, and the vertebral arteries Answer : (d)

P-wave refers to Atrial contraction Answer : (b)

Arteries and veins are made up of: endothelium(epithelial tissue), connective tissue( tunica media), and nervous tissue( vasa vasorum). In arteries there is more tunica media so that its lumen is narrower than that of veins. Capillaries are simply made of endothelium Answer : (d)

Functions of Plasma Proteins: a)Protein Nutrition b) Physicochemical function such asOsmotic Pressure and water balance, Blood Coagulation c) Transport of Lipids and metals Answer : (d)

Answer : (a)

The second sound,” dub” or S2, is caused by the closure of aortic and pulmonic valves, marking the end of systole. Answer : (d)

Answer : (d)

Answer : (b)

Answer : (b)

Answer : (b)

Answer : (d)

An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells. B lymphocytes (or B cells) are each programmed to make one specific antibody Answer : (b)

Polycythemia :an abnormally increased concentration of haemoglobin in the blood, either through reduction of plasma volume or increase in red cell numbers. Leukocytopenia : Any situation in which the total number of leukocytes in the circulating blood is less than normal, the lower limit of which is generally regarded as 4000-5000/mm3. Leucopenia: is a decrease in the number of white blood cells found in the blood.The normal total white cell count is 5000-10000 per cubic millimeter Anemia: happens when the number of healthy red blood cells in your body is too low. Answer : (a)

Leucopenia: is a decrease in the number of white blood cells found in the blood. The normal total white cell count is 5000-10000 per cubic millimeter Answer : (b)

Myogenic: is the term used for muscles or tissues that can contract on their own, without any external electrical stimulus Neurogenic: forming nervous tissue, or stimulating nervous energy. Since the muscles of the human heart are stimulated to contract by nerve impulses generated by the Sino Atrial(SA) node. It is a cluster of cells which are part of the heart muscle. Hence the human heart is myogenic Answer : (a)

Answer : (d)

Answer : (c)

Electrical activity	Graphic Depiction	Associated pattern
Atrial Depolarization		P wave
Delay at AV node		PR Segment
Ventricular depolarization		QRS Complex
Ventricular Repolarization		T- wave
No electric activity		Isoelectric Line

Answer : (a)

Anelidshave closed circulatory systems, where the blood makes its entire circuit via blood vessels Arthropods have what is referred to as an open circulatory system, where blood fills the body cavity of the animal Flatworms do not have a circulatory system in the usual sense. There is no need for a special circulatory system as a human has because the flatworm doesn't breathe with lungs and doesn't need to transport oxygen around its body. The flatworm simply diffuses oxygen via its skin.T he creatures of the Platyhelminthes phylumdo not contain a body cavity nor a circulatory system. Cephalopods are the only mollusks with a closedcirculatory system Answer : (c)