The hepatic portal vein: is a vessel that moves blood from the spleen and gastrointestinal tract to the liver. It is approximately three to four inches in length and is usually formed by the merging of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins behind the upper edge of the head of the pancreas. In some individuals, the inferior mesenteric vein may enter this intersection instead. The aorta: is the main artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen. Hepatic artery: is a short blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, pylorus of the stomach, duodenum and pancreas. Hepatic veins: are the veins that drain de-oxygenated blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava. Answer : (d)

Uremia is the condition of having "urea in the blood". Urea is one of the primary components of urine. It can be defined as an excess of amino acid and protein metabolism end products, such as urea and creatinine, in the blood that would be normally excreted in the urine. Answer : (b)

Answer : (c)

The intrinsic pathway starts with the activation of factor XII The extrinsic pathway is activated by external trauma that causes blood to escape from the vascular system. This pathway is quicker than the intrinsic pathway. It involves factor VII. Answer : (b)

In order of blood flow, the pulmonary arteries start as the pulmonary trunk or main pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. In the human heart, the pulmonary trunk begins at the base of the right ventricle. It is short and wide—approximately 5 centimetres in length and 3 centimetres in diameter. It then branches into two pulmonary arteries, which deliver deoxygenated blood to the corresponding lung. Answer : (d)

Erythroblastosisfetalis. This condition occurs when there is an incompatibility between the blood types of the mother and baby. It occurs when an Rh negative mother has a baby with Rh factor is positive Answer : (a)

Type	You can give blood to	You can receive blood from
A+	A+; AB+	A+; A-; O+; O-
O+	O+; A+; B+; AB+	O+, O-
B+	B+; AB+	B+; B-; O+; O-
AB+	AB+	Every one
A-	A+; A-, AB+; AB-	A-, O-
O-	Every one	O-
B-	B+, B-, AB+. AB-	B-, O-
AB-	AB+, AB-	AB-; A-; B-; O-

Answer : (b)

Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from heart. Answer : (c)

At each heartbeat, blood pressure is raised to the systolic level, and, between beats, it drops to the diastolic level. As the cuff is inflated with air, a stethoscope is placed against the skin at the crook of the arm. As the air is released, the first sound heard marks the systolic pressure; as the release continues, a dribbling noise is heard. This marks the diastolic pressure, which is dependent on the elasticity of the arteries. Answer : (a)

Answer : (b)

Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency cause of anemia. Answer : (b)

Answer : (b)

Arteriosclerosis is the thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries. This process gradually restricts the blood flow to one's organs and tissues and can lead to severe health risks brought on by atherosclerosis. It’s the usual cause of heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral vascular disease. Vasomotion: is the spontaneous oscillation in tone of blood vessels, independent of heart beat, innervation or respiration. HDL: high-density lipoprotein, is associated with levels of cholesterol in the body. HDL levels are important in predicting risk of heart disease. Answer : (c)

Red blood cells are initially produced in the bone marrow with a nucleus. They then undergo a process known as enucleation in which their nucleus is removed. Answer : (b)

Answer : (a)

Tricuspid valve: The function of the valve is to prevent back flow of blood into the right atrium. From right ventricle blood goes to pulmonary artery to lung Flow of blood into pulmonary artery will be slowed down. Answer : (c)

Answer : (b)

The foramen ovale is an opening between the two atria enabling blood to be channeled directly into the systemic circulation thereby bypassing the lungs. Answer : (a)

Blood Group AB RBCs have both A and B antigens. Answer : (a)

Erythropoiesis: The process through which new red blood cells are created; it begins in the bone marrow. Main roles of iron is to help our red blood cells transport oxygen to all parts of the body. Answer : (d)

T-wave of ECG represents end of ventricular depolarisation. The P wave is a summation wave generated by the depolarization front as it transits the atria. Answer : (d)

In water the concentration of water is higher outside the RBC than on the inside. Thus by osmosis water will flow into the RBC causing it to swell and eventually burst. Answer : (a)

A person with Rh- blood does not have Rh antibodies naturally in the blood plasma. But a person with Rh- blood can developRh antibodies in the blood plasma if he or she receives blood from a person with Rh+ blood, whose Rh antigens can trigger the production of Rh antibodies. A person with Rh+ blood can receive blood from a person with Rh- blood without any problems. Answer : (a)

The bundle of His is an important part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, as it transmits impulses from the atrioventricular node, located at the inferior end of the interatrial septum, to the ventricles of the heart. Answer : (d)

Type	You can give blood to	You can receive blood from
A+	A+; AB+	A+; A-; O+; O-
O+	O+; A+; B+; AB+	O+, O-
B+	B+; AB+	B+; B-; O+; O-
AB+	AB+	Every one
A-	A+; A-, AB+; AB-	A-, O-
O-	Every one	O-
B-	B+, B-, AB+. AB-	B-, O-
AB-	AB+, AB-	AB-; A-; B-; O-

Answer : (b)

Rh factor occurs in Man and Rhesus Monkey Answer : (b)

Phenotype (Blood group);	Genotype
Type A	IAIA or IAi
Type B	IBIB or IBi
Type AB	IA IB
Type O;	ii

Answer : (d)

Hypotension is low blood pressure, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation Low blood pressure can be caused by low blood volume, hormonal changes, widening of blood vessels, medicine side effects, anemia, heart problems or endocrine problems. Answer : (d)

White blood cells, also called leukocytes Answer : (a)

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test which measures the electrical activity of heart to show whether or not it is working normally. An ECG records the heart's rhythm and activity on a moving strip of paper or a line on a screen. Answer : (c)