Heparin is a compound occurring in the liver and other tissues which inhibits blood coagulation Answer : (c)

Answer : (b)

Ventricular systole the contraction, or period of contraction, of the heart, especially of the ventricles, during which blood is forced into the aorta and pulmonary artery. Answer : (d)

Answer : (b)

Answer : (a)

Red blood cells of camel are oval shape, because of such shape can circulate even in thick blood and can significantly expand during rehydration, therefore camel product it self for dehydration Answer : (d)

Answer : (c)

About 70% of CO2 is transported as bicarbonate ions Answer : (c)

A normal systolic blood pressure is 120 or below Answer : (b)

The S1 heart sound is caused by blood flow turbulence when mitral and tricuspid valves ( atrioventricular) close at the start of systole. Answer : (c)

Thrombin is the activated from of Coagulation Factor II ( prothrombin), which catalyzes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin Answer : (c)

Answer : (a)

The largest artery is the aorta, the main high-pressure pipeline connected to the heart's left ventricle Answer : (a)

Answer : (a)

Granulocytes are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMN, PML, or PMNL) because of the varying shapes of the nucleus. Erythrocytes don’t have nucleus Answer : (b)

Pathway of myogenic impulse conduction is SANode→AVNode→ Bundle of His → Purkinje fibres Answer : (c)

Leucocytes squeeze through fenestrations, and gaps in the capillary, and slowly pass the rest of their cell body. Sudden fall in number causes leukopenia, All white blood cells are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells. Enucleate means remove the nucleus from (a cell). Answer : (a)

Pernicious anemia is a condition in which the body can't make enough healthy red blood cells because it doesn't have enough vitamin B12. Answer : (c)

The renal veins are veins that drain the kidney. They connect the kidney to the inferior vena cava. They carry the blood filtered by the kidney. Kidney filters urea and other wastes Answer : (c)

The heart is innervated by parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers. The medulla is the primary site in the brain for regulating sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow to the heart and blood vessels. So if nerves supply heart is cut then heart will beat randomly or arhythmically. Answer : (b)

The main function of the RBC's is to carry oxygen to all body tissues from the lung and the vise versa with the carbon dioxide. Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. Efficient gas transport requires red blood cells to pass through very narrow capillaries, and this constrains their size and thus mammalian RBCs are enucleated. Answer : (c)

P-wave: Atrial contraction PR interval: Represents the time taken for excitation to spread from the sino-atrial (SA) node across the atrium and down to the ventricular muscle via the bundle of His. QRS: Ventricular contraction ST segment: Ventricular relaxation T-wave: Ventricular repolarisation. Answer : (d)

Albumin main function is to regulate the Oncotic pressure (or colloid osmotic pressure) of blood Answer : (a)

Agglutinogen is an antigenic substance present in blood cells. agglutinogen - An erythrocyte (RBC) surface antigen (immunologically distinct, genetically determined glycoproteins) which may stimulate the production of a particular specific agglutinin (antibody) in individuals lacking that particular agglutinogen (antigen); e.g., the antigens involved in the ABO and Rh blood group Glycoproteins are important for white blood cell recognition, especially in mammals.which interact directly with antigens. Answer : (b)

Lumen is the inside space of a tubular structure. Veins are under low blood pressure and so only requirethin walls and an larger lumen to allow easy blood flow. They can generate mostof their movement of blood back to the heart via muscle contractions andautomatically closing valves Answer : (d)

The amount of blood put out by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction is called the stroke volume. The stroke volume and the heart rate determine the cardiac output. A normal adult has a cardiac output of 5 L/min; assuming a heart rate of 70 beats/min. Answer : (b)

A protein ( factor VIII) that is essential to normal blood clotting and is lacking or deficient in persons having hemophilia. Answer : (a)

The valve of the coronary sinus is a semicircular fold of the lining membrane of the right atrium, at the orifice of the coronary sinus. It is situated at the base of the inferior vena cava. Known as Thebesius valve Answer : (a)

The sinoatrial node (SAN) is a group of cells located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart. These cells have the ability to spontaneously produce an electrical impulse, that travels through the heart via the electrical conduction system causing it to contract. SA node: 60–100 bpm Atrial foci: 60–80 bpm Junctional foci: 40–60 bpm Ventricular foci: 20–40 bpm The potentials will normally travel in order SA node → atrial foci → junctional foci → ventricular foci Answer : (c)

The normal range for hemoglobin is: For men, 13.5 to 17.5 grams /100 ml. For women, 12.0 to 15.5 grams /100 ml. Answer : (d)