Pituitary gland occurs in Brain Answer : (d)

Tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary include: Anterior pituitary. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)Luteinising hormone (LH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Prolactin (PRL) Growth hormone (GH) Melanocytes-stimulating hormone (MSH) Answer : (a)

Adrenaline controls functions such as the heart rate, dilation of the pupils, and secretion of sweat and saliva. Answer : (a)

Thyroxine hormone and tri-iodothyronine hormone are secreted by thyroid follicular cells of thyroid gland. The major component of thyroxine hormone is iodine. Deficiency of iodine causes goitre in human. Answer : (b)

Answer : (c)

deficiency of thyroxine in adults causes Hypothyroidism and characterized by fatigue, lethargy, mental impairment, depression, cold intolerance, hoarseness, dry skin, weight gain. Answer : (c)

When the Immune System Attacks Your Thyroid. Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or inflammation of the thyroid gland, is an autoimmune disorder. That means it is caused by a malfunction in your immune system. Instead of protecting your thyroid tissue, your immune cells attack it. Answer : (c)

The hormone testosterone in testes is secreted by Leydig/interstitial cells Answer : (c)

Glucagon acts only in the liver where it stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, thereby increasing blood glucose. Answer : (c)

Thyroxine is active from of thyroid Answer : (c)

FSH is secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary Answer : (a)

THE ENTODERM gives rise to the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts; the parenchyma of the tonsils, the liver, the thymus, the thyroid, the parathyroids, and the pancreas; the epithelial lining of the urinary bladder and urethra; and the epithelial lining of the tympanic cavity, tympanic antrum, and auditory tube. THE ECTODERM gives rise to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord); the peripheral nervous system; the sensory epithelia of the eye, ear, and nose; the epidermis and its appendages (the nails and hair); the mammary glands; the hypophysis; the subcutaneous glands; and the enamel of the teeth. THE MESODERM gives rise to connective tissue, cartilage, and bone; striated and smooth muscles; the heart walls, blood and lymph vessels and cells; the kidneys; the gonads (ovaries and testes) and genital ducts; the serous membranes lining the body cavities; the spleen; and the suprarenal (adrenal) cortices The cortex of the adrenal gland is derived from mesoderm, whereas the medulla is derived from the neural crest, which is of ectodermal origin Answer : (d)

Hypophysectomy is the surgical removal of the hypophysis (pituitary gland). follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), all of which are produced in the pituitary gland responsible for reproductive function Answer : (b)

Chemically epinephrine is Amino acid derivative Answer : (a)

ADH or vasopressin is Hormone secreted by pituitary that promotes reabsorption of water from glomerular filtrate Answer : (b)

Pineal body secretes hormone which Control sexual behaviour , Regulate period of puberty control sleep and wake cycles Answer : (d)

If FSH stops being produced - so that only one egg matures in a cycle. it stimulates the pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone (LH), which triggers ovulation (the release of the mature egg from the ovary). Growth hormone (GH) play significant roles in pubertal development, menarche, the menstrual cycle, fertility, and reproduction. Growth hormone deficiency or insufficiency causes a delay in the onset of puberty TSH, or hTSH for human TSH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4), and then triiodothyronine (T3) which stimulates the metabolism of almost every tissue in the body. Answer : (d)

Glucagon is a hormone that is involved in controlling blood sugar (glucose) levels. It is produced by the alpha cells, found in the islets of langerhans, in the pancreas, Answer : (c)

Receptor is a protein molecule that receives chemical signals from outside a cell. When such chemical signals bind to a receptor, they cause some form of cellular/tissue response, if receptor molecules are removed from target organs, the target organs will stop responding to hormone Answer : (d)

Alloxan is a toxic glucose analogue, which selectively destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas that is β cells of islets of Langerhans Answer : (d)

Master endocrine gland is Pituitary , as it makes hormones that control several other endocrine glands. Answer : (a)

Glucagon is a hormone that is involved in controlling blood sugar (glucose) levels. It is produced by the alpha cells, found in the islets of langerhans, in the pancreas, from where it is released into the bloodstream. Answer : (d)

Adrenal secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones control the "fight or flight response" i.e. put your body on "high alert." These hormones increase the heart rate, increase blood pressure, increase the amount of oxygen you breathe in, and temporarily improve the eyesight. Adrenaline also causes the liver to release extra glucose, or sugar, into the bloodstream to provide instant energy. Answer : (b)

Hormone controlling metabolism is Thyroxine from thyroid Answer : (c)

Reabsorption of water in distal parts of kidney tubules/urine concentration is controlled by Vasopressin/ADH Answer : (a)

Adrenaline, control the "fight or flight" response in humans or stress/emergency hormone Answer : (c)

Oxytocin(OT) is a hormone that acts on organs in the body (including the breast and uterus) controlling key aspects of the reproductive system, including childbirth and lactation, and aspects of human behaviour. Prolactin(PRL) is the hormone that stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk. During pregnancy, prolactin stimulates growth of the breast, but high estrogen and progesterone secretion prevent milk production. Follicle stimulating hormone growth of ovarian follicles in the ovary before the release of an egg from one follicle at ovulation. Answer : (b)

Adrenal secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones control the "fight or flight response" i.e. put your body on "high alert." These hormones increase the heart rate, increase blood pressure, increase the amount of oxygen you breathe in, and temporarily improve the eyesight. Adrenaline also causes the liver to release extra glucose, or sugar, into the bloodstream to provide instant energy. Answer : (d)

Hormones produced by the pituitary gland Anterior pituitary Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Luteinising hormone (LH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Prolactin (PRL) Growth hormone (GH) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) Posterior pituitary Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) Oxytocin Answer : (c)

Thymosin is the hormone of the thymus, thymus gland, located behind your sternum and between your lungs, is only active until puberty. After puberty, the thymus starts to slowly shrink and become replaced by fat. and it stimulates the development of disease-fighting T cells Answer : (c)

Pheromones is a chemical substance produced and released into the environment by an animal, especially a mammal or an insect, affecting the behaviour or physiology of others of its species. Answer : (d)

Thyrocalcitonin: A hormone, also called calcitonin, produced by the thyroid gland that lowers the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood and promotes the formation of bone. Answer : (b)

Apocrine glands in the breast secrete fat droplets into breast milk and those in the ear help form earwax.Apocrine glands in the skin and eyelid are sweat glands. Most apocrine glands in the skin are in the armpits, the groin, and the area around the nipples of the breast. Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrinesystem that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. Heterocrine Glands are both in dual in function, i.e., Endocrine and Exocrine.eg., Pancreas, Gonads, and placenta. Answer : (d)

Oxytocin Hormone controls contraction of uterus during parturition Answer : (d)

Correct

Adrenaline which controls functions such as the heart rate, dilation of the pupils, and secretion of sweat and saliva. Produced by adrenal gland of the kidney Mineralocorticoids are produced in the adrenal cortex and influence salt and water balances (electrolyte balance and fluid balance). The primary mineralocorticoid is aldosterone Norepinephrine constricting (narrowing) the blood vessels and increasing blood pressure and blood glucose (sugar) levels. Norepinephrine is used to treat life-threatening low blood pressure (hypotension) that can occur with certain medical conditions or surgical procedures. produced by the adrenal medulla Corticosterone is a main glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of energy, immune reactions, and stress responses Answer : (b)

Adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids,mineralocorticoids, progestins, androgens, andestrogens Adrenal medulla produces catecholamines; epinephrine, norepinephrine, anddopamine. Pancreas produce hormone glucagon, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, preproinsulin, proglucagon, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, growth hormone releasing hormone, gastrin and ghrelin. Nerve endings of magnocellularneurosecretory cells produce - Oxytocin and vasopressin (also called anti-diuretic hormone), the two neurohypophysial hormones of the posterior pituitary gland (the neurohypophysis), Answer : (b)

Sudden drop in progesterone causes the thick uterine lining to break down, and readies the body for menstruation Answer : (d)

Adenohypophysis also called as anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It stimulates the growth of essentially all tissues of the body, including bone. Answer : (d)

Diabetes mellitus means Increase of sugar in blood and Increase of sugar in urine Answer : (d)

Melatonin helps control your sleep and wake cycles. melatonin production declines drastically with age probably explains many of the sleep disturbances seen in the elderly. Answer : (d)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) also adrenocorticotropin, corticotropin is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland Answer : (c)

The acidophils secrete growth hormones (somatotropes STH) and prolactin (mammotropes PL). Answer : (b)

Bulging or protruding of one or both eyes is called proptosis or exophthalmos. Exophthalmos is usually used when describing bulging eyes caused by Graves disease, a disorder causing over activity of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism). Answer : (b)

Answer : (c)

Adrenal cortex produces hormone aldosterone, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone. So Adrenaline secretion will not affect Answer : (b)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also called parathormone or parathyrin, is a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that is important in bone remodeling, which is an ongoing process in which bone tissue is alternately resorbed and rebuilt over time. Hypercalcemia is usually a result of overactive parathyroid glands. Hypercalcemia is a condition in which the calcium level in your blood is above normal. Answer : (a)

Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and are lipid-soluble molecules. Examples of steroid hormones include the sex hormones (androgens, estrogens, and progesterone) produced by male and female gonads and hormones of the adrenal glands (aldosterone, cortisol, and androgens). Answer : (c)

Bullock is docile (submissive) compared to a bull due to low blood testosterone Answer : (c)

Thyrocalcitonin: A hormone, also called calcitonin, produced by the thyroid gland that lowers the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood and promotes the formation of bone. Answer : (a)