contractions of the uterus are caused by rising levels of the hormone oxytocin, which has multiple functions in childbirth Answer : (d)

Somatostatin from the hypothalamus inhibits the pituitary gland's secretion of growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone. In addition, somatostatin isproduced in the pancreas and inhibits the secretion of other pancreatic hormones such as insulin and glucagon. Answer : (d)

Androgenic steroid produced by the testes, adrenal cortex, and ovaries Answer : (c)

Answer : (b)

Diabetes mellitus occurs due to insulin resistance or insulin deficiency and subsequent high blood glucose levels. Diabetes Insipidus on the other hand develops as a result of the stilted production of a hormone in the brain, which is released to stop the kidneys producing so much urine in order to retain water Answer : (c)

In hormone action, if receptor molecule are removed from target organ, the target organ will not respond to hormone Answer : (b)

The intermediate lobe synthesizes and secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Answer : (b)

Endocrine glands are those glands which pour their secretion directly into Blood Answer : (c)

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose (blood sugar) level. Answer : (d)

In children and adolescents, excessive levels of growth hormone can result in a condition called gigantism. Children with this condition may have unusually long arms and legs and may grow to heights of 7 to 8 feet or more. Growth hormone (GH), also called somatotropin or human growth hormone, peptide hormone secretedby the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It stimulates the growth of essentially all tissues of the body, including bone. Answer : (c)

The adrenal cortex produces two main groups of corticosteroid hormones—glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid. The release of glucocorticoid is triggered by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Mineralocorticoid are mediated by signals triggered by the kidney. atrophy of the adrenal cortex resulting from a loss of stimulation from the pituitary gland Answer : (a)

Goiter Abnormal enlargement of thyroid gland Hormone secretion can be euthyroidism, hyposecretion, hypersecretion Answer : (c)

Cholecystokinin and secretin are secreted by Duodenum Answer : (c)

The thymus gland, despite containing glandular tissue and producing several hormones, is much more closely associated with the immune system than with the endocrine system. The thymus serves a vital role in the training and development of T-lymphocytes or T cells, an extremely important type of white blood cell. Answer : (d)

Adrenaline causes an increase in heart rate, muscle strength, blood pressure, and sugar metabolism. Answer : (c)

Corticosterone is a main glucocorticoid (glucose + cortex + steroid) is composed from its role in regulation of glucose metabolism, synthesis in the adrenal cortex, and its steroidal structure (see structure to the right). glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of energy, Thyroid hormones are to (1) increase the basal metabolic rate; (2) increase glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, day-to-day regulation of gluconeogenesis by glucagon is strongly dependent on normal healthy levels of cortisol in the background Answer : (d)

Sympathetic nervous system can accelerate heart rate; widen bronchial passages; decrease motility (movement) of the large intestine; constrict blood vessels; increase peristalsis in the esophagus; cause pupillary dilation, piloerection (goose bumps) and perspiration (sweating); and raise blood pressure. The main hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla include epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which have similar functions of sympathetic nervous system Answer : (a)

A woman started developing male characteristics. It may be due to Overproduction of adrenal androgens. The most well known androgen is testosterone, which is responsible for developing the secondary sex characteristics in men Answer : (a)

Secretion of ductless glands are known as Hormones Answer : (a)

Gastrin hormone is secreted by Stomach Answer : (d)

Hassall's corpuscles (or thymic corpuscles (bodies)) are structures found in the medulla of the human thymus. Intently signify the thymus Answer : (b)

Both acromegaly and gigantism are caused by a typically benign tumor or adenoma in the pituitary gland. That tumor causes excess growth hormone production Hyperpituitarism Answer : (c)

Small amount of iodine is added to common salt so that occurrence of goiter is prevented Answer : (c)

Adrenaline Accelerates heart beat a - 2 Increased PTH causes the body to put more calcium into the blood from bone causes demineralization of bones leading to osteoporosis b – 5 Hypothyroidism, lower PTH cause removal calcium from bon c-5 Myxedema or myxoedema is a term used synonymously with severe hypothyroidism. d-1 Aldosterone conservation of sodium, secretion of potassium, water retention and to stabilize blood pressure.e-1 Answer : (a)

Posterior pituitary secretes Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH): This hormone prompts the kidneys to increase water absorption in the blood , i-c parathyroid hormone or PTH, which increases bone resorption by stimulating osteoclasts, leading to increased calcium release from bone.ii- a Beta cells promotes the translocation of glucose transporter proteins, glycogen, lipid and protein synthesis, anti-lipolysis and the control of hepatic., iii - d Pancreatic polypeptide Insulin is an anabolic hormone that promotes sequestration of carbohydrate, fat, and protein in storage depots throughout the body.iv-b Answer : (c)

Hypercalcaemia is most often caused by over activity in the four tiny glands in the neck parathyroid glands produces parathyroid hormone (Parathormone) Answer : (c)

Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) is secreted by pituitary intermediate lobe or Median lobe Answer : (b)

Aldosterone plays a central role in the regulation of blood pressure mainly by acting on organs such as the kidney and the colon to increase the amount of salt (sodium) reabsorbed into the bloodstream and toincrease the amount of potassium excreted in the urine. Aldosterone also causes water to be reabsorbed along with sodium. Production of aldosterone (in adult humans, about 20–200 micrograms per day) in the zonaglomerulosa of the adrenal cortex is regulated by the renin-angiotensin system. Answer : (b)

Enteroendocrine cells are specialized cells of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas with endocrine function. Enteroendocrine cells are located in the stomach produce gastrin, the intestine produce somatostatin, motilin, cholecystokinin, neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and enteroglucagon and in the pancreas. insulin and glucagon Answer : (d)

The anterior pituitary also called the adenohypophysis secrete growth hormone also known as Somatotropin , prolactin (PRL), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). a-q Adrenal medulla secrete Epinephrine. b-p Calcitonin is a hormone that is produced in humans by the parafollicular cells (commonly known as C-cells) of the thyroid gland.c-s Thymus gland produces thymosins, d-r Answer : (a)

The juxtaglomerular cells (JG cells, or granular cells) are cells in the kidney that synthesize, store, and secrete the enzyme renin Answer : (c)

An enterogastrone is any hormone secreted by the mucosa of the duodenum in the lower gastrointestinal tract in response to dietary lipids that inhibits the caudal (or "forward, analward") motion of the contents of chyme Answer : (d)

Intermedin (also known as Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone, MSH ) is a hormone secreted by the intermediate lobe of pituitary Answer : (b)

Answer : (a)

Secretion of gastric juice is controlled by Gastrin Answer : (c)

Juxtaglomerulus is a endocrine gland secrete renin its function is therefore cause an increase in blood pressure Answer : (d)

Parathormone increases blood calcium Answer : (c)

The hypothalamus contains gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons which secrete pulsatile GnRH into the hypophyseal portal blood system through which it is transported to the anterior pituitary gland. a- t Anterior pituitary. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)Luteinising hormone (LH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Prolactin (PRL) Growth hormone (GH) Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). b-r Testes. Secretes Testosterone is necessary for proper physical development in boys. It is the primary androgen, c-s Ovary secretes Estrogen , d-q Answer : (c)

The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which is a steroid hormone responsible for the decidualization of the endometrium (its development) and maintenance. It is endocrine gland Answer : (b)

Melatonin secreted by Pineal Maintains diurnal rhythm of our body 1-d-iii Melanocytes-stimulating hormones, known collectively as MSH secreted by Pituitary Acts on melanocytes 2-c-iv Aldosterone secreted by adrenal cortex Acts on renal tubules to regulate sodium and potassium 3-b-i Thyrocalcitonin (TCT) secreted by Thyroid Regulates blood calcium level along with PTH 4-a-ii Answer : (b)

ADH constantly regulates and balances the amount of water in your blood. Diabetes insipidus can be caused by low or absent secretion of the water-balancehormone vasopressin (ADH) from the pituitary gland of the brain, or by a poor kidney response to this chemical messenger, which is also called antidiuretic i-d Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also adrenocorticotropin, corticotropin) is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland ii-a Mineralocorticoid are produced in the adrenal cortex and influence salt and water balances The primary mineralocorticoid is aldosterone. iii- c In diabetes mellitus, either body doesn't make enough insulin, it can't use the insulin it does produce, or a combination of both. iv-e Answer : (d)

Hyposecretion of growth hormone causes Dwarfism Answer : (c)

Thymus endocrine gland that atrophies at the age of 14-16 years Answer : (b)

Adrenaline causes dilation of blood vessels, increased oxygen consumption and glucogenesis Answer : (d)

Insulin is secreted by β cells of pancreas Answer : (b)

The pineal gland or epiphysis synthesizes and secretes melatonin, maintains the body's circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm is an internal 24-hour "clock" that plays a critical role in when we fall asleep and when we wake up. Answer : (d)

Answer : (b)

In the posterior pituitary the axon terminals of the magnocellular neurons contain neurosecretory granules, These axons store and release neurohypophysial hormones oxytocin and vasopressin into the neurohypophyseal capillaries Answer : (d)

Hormones that are glycoproteins include: Follicle-stimulating hormone, Luteinizing hormone, Thyroid-stimulating hormone’ Human chorionic gonadotropin, Alpha-fetoprotein, Erythropoietin (EPO) Answer : (a)

The primary function of estrogens is development of female secondary sexual characteristics. These includes breasts, endometrium, regulation of the menstrual cycle etc. In males estrogen helps in maturation of the sperm and maintenance of a healthy libido Answer : (c)