Cranial Nerve	Name	Function
I	The Olfactory Nerve	Sense of Smell
II	The Optic Nerve	Vision
III	The Oculomotor Nerve	Mainly motor
IV	The Trochlear Nerve	Motor
V	The Trigeminal Nerve	Both sensory and motor
VI	The Abducent Nerve	Mainly motor
VII	The Facial Nerve	Both sensory and motor
VIII	The Vestibulocochlear Nerve	Mostly sensory
IX	The Glossopharyngeal Nerve	Both sensory and motor
X	The Vagus Nervehistorically cited as the pneumogastric nerve	Both sensory and motor
XI	Accessory nerve	Mainly motor
XII	Hypoglossal	Mainly motor

Answer : (b)

The median eminence is a part of the hypothalamus from which regulatory hormones are released Answer : (d)

Sarcolemma: the fine transparent tubular sheath which envelops the fibres of skeletal muscles. Answer : (c)

The tympanic cavity is an air-filled compartment surrounded by bone that is separated from the external ear by a thin tympanic membrane (tympanum) and is in direct communication with the pharynx via the auditory tube (also known as theeustachian or pharyngotympanic tube). Answer : (c)

The brain is enclosed in four ventricles - Lateral ventricles (1 and 2) or paracoes. the third ventricle or diacoel and fourth ventricle or myelocoel Answer : (d)

The sympathetic nervous system directs the body's rapid involuntary response to dangerous or stressful situations. A flash flood of hormones boosts the body's alertness and heart rate, sending extra blood to the muscles. During the Fight-or-Flight Response. In response to acute stress, the body's sympathetic nervous system is activated due to the sudden release of hormones. Answer : (c)

The somatic nervous system (SoNS or voluntary nervous system) is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with skeletal muscle voluntary control of body movements. Answer : (a)

The cell has a nifty protein spanning the membrane called the K/Na pump. It uses energy (in the form of ATP) to pump Na out, K in, maintaining the charge and concentration difference between inside and out the resting potential as it is known. Answer : (c)

The arbor vitae is the cerebellar white matter, Greymatter, Neuroglia cells so called for its branched, tree-like appearance and is present in both cerebellum hemispheres. Answer : (d)

Hindbrain: is composed of the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the cerebellum. Cruracerebri: A pair of bands joining the cerebrum to the medulla and pons. Pons varolii :The pons is also called the pons Varolii ("bridge of Varolius") Arbor vitae is the cerebellar white matter, so called for its branched, tree-like appearance. In some ways it more resembles a fern and is present in both cerebellar hemispheres. It brings sensory and motor information to and from the cerebellum. The arbor vitae is located deep in the cerebellum. The choroid plexus is a plexus of cells that produces the cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. Answer : (b)

Within the gastrointestinal tract, vagal sensory neurons monitor stomach volume and intestinal contents, and responsive neural circuits regulate digestive physiology Answer : (d)

The trigeminal nerve is a nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing Answer : (c)

Sensitized respiratory center is confronted with high brain levels of CO2 . When the brain CO2 levels dissipate Answer : (d)

Peristalsis: is a radially symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles that propagates in a wave down a tube, in an anterograde direction. Intestine function is controlled by autonomous nerve system, due to peristalsis digested food is moved in intestine Answer : (c)

Olfactory: relating to the sense of smell Answer : (c)

Optic lobe may refer to: homologues of the Corpora_quadrigemina in mammal midbrains in lower vertebrates; Answer : (b)

The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain. Answer : (a)

Frog have I to X only 10 cranial nurves Accessory nerve (XI):Turning movements of the head, movements of the shoulder and viscera, voice production. Hypoglossal (XII):Tongue movements Both Cranial nerves are absent in frog Answer : (b)

The temporal lobe is involved in primary auditory perception, such as hearing, and holds the primary auditory cortex. Answer : (c)

Cranial Nerve	Name	Function
I	The Olfactory Nerve	Sense of Smell
II	The Optic Nerve	Vision
III	The Oculomotor Nerve	Raise eyelids, move eyes, regulate the size of pupils, focus of lenses.
IV	The Trochlear Nerve	Eye movements, proprioception
V	The Trigeminal Nerve	Sensations of the head and face, chewing movements, and muscle sense.
VI	The Abducent Nerve	Produce movements of the eyes
VII	The Facial Nerve	Facial expressions, secretion of saliva, taste.
VIII	The Vestibulocochlear Nerve	Balance or equilibrium sense. Hearing.
IX	The Glossopharyngeal Nerve	Taste and other sensations of tongue, swallowing, secretion of saliva, aid in reflex control of blood pressure and respiration.
X	The Vagus Nervehistorically cited as the pneumogastric nerve	Transmit impulses to muscles associated with speech, swallowing, the heart, smooth muscles of visceral organs in the thorax, and abdomen.
XI	Accessory nerve	Turning movements of the head, movements of the shoulder and viscera, voice production.
XII	Hypoglossal	Tongue movements

Answer : (d)

The corpus callosum is a thick band of nerve connects the left and right sides of the brain allowing for communication between both hemispheres. The corpus callosum transfers motor, sensory, and cognitive information between the brain hemispheres. Answer : (b)

Pupil: an opening in the center of the iris that changes size to control how much light is entering the eye. Answer : (a)

The fifth cranial nerve is the trigeminal nerve. It functions both as the chief nerve of sensation for the face and the motor nerve controlling the muscles of mastication (chewing). Answer : (b)

Online Gustato receptors Practice and Preparation Tests cover Answer : (c)

The myelin sheath is a layer of fat and protein that covers the axon of a neuron, or nerve cell. Answer : (b)

Bowman's glands: Also known as Olfactory glands responsible for smell Answer : (d)

Pneumotaxic center: one of the four respiratory centers; located in the upper, rostral part of the pons; rhythmically inhibits inspiration. Four respiratory groups are: Two in the medulla Inspiratory center: (Dorsal respiratory group); Expiratory center (Ventral respiratory group); Two groups in the pons:Pneumotaxic center; Apneustic center Answer : (a)

A concave lens is thinner at its centre than at its edges, and is used to correct short-sightedness (myopia). Answer : (d)

Myasthenia gravis: is a neuromuscular disease is caused by a defect in the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles. The neuromuscular junction is apparently affected, acetylcholine, no longer produces the contractions necessary for muscle movement or we can say acetylcholine receptor on motor end plate are reduced Answer : (a)

Broca's area is a region in the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere (usually the left) of the hominid brain with functions linked to speech production. Broca's area plays a significant role in language production and language comprehension; production of language Answer : (a)

A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex. In vertebrates, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord. The nerve pathway involved in a reflex action, including at its simplest a sensory nerve and a motor nerve with a synapse between. Answer : (d)

The oraserrata is the serrated junction between the retina and the ciliary body. This junction marks the transition from the simple non-photosensitive area of the retina to the complex, multi-layered photosensitive region. Answer : (a)

We found that multisensory integration of visual and tactile stimuli occurred at moderately long latencies in association cortical areas in the parietal and frontal lobes, but not at short latencies in visual or tactile sensory cortices Answer : (d)

Organ	Effect of sympathetic nervous system
Glands (nasal, lacrimal, salivary, gastric, pancreas)	inhibits secretory activity; causes vasoconstiction of blood vessels supplying glands
Eye	Dilates pupil
Heart	Increases rate and force of contraction
Lungs	Dilates bronchioles via circulating adrenaline
Sweat Glands	stimulates sweating
Kidney	Increases renin secretion

Answer : (d)

Answer : (a)

Black pigment of eye which reduces internal reflection is located in Retina Answer : (a)

Neuron cells are least likely to be replaced by new cells. These cells are specilalised to conduct electrochemical current. Nerve cells do not have the capability of division as they are restricted at G0- phase of the cell- cycle. Answer : (b)

Neuro transmitters Acetylcholine , are stored in vesicles in the presynaptic terminal. Acetylcholineis secreted across synaptic clefts, where it binds to the post synaptic membrane and causes a change in the permeability of the postsynaptic cell, which results in an excitatory post-synaptic potential. Answer : (b)

Option ‘a’ to ‘c’ are cranial verves Answer : (d)

Cervical nerves : 8 pairs Thoracic nerves: 12 pairs Lumbar nerves: 5 pairs Sacral nerves: 5 pairs Coccygeal nerve: 1 pair last 31st Answer : (a)

Corporaquadrigemina : are two pairs of spherical optic lobs representing the dorsal part of midbrain. In rabbit it is associated with vision Answer : (b)

Frontal lobe: The function of the lobe involves the ability to project future consequences resulting from current actions it is also called intellectual ability Answer : (a)

Rhodopsin (also known as visual purple) is a light-sensitive receptor protein involved in visual phototransduction. Rhodopsin is a biological pigment found in the rods of the retina. Rhodopsin is extremely sensitive to light, and thus enables vision in low-light conditions. Answer : (a)

Answer : (c)

The fovea centralis (the term fovea comes from the Latin, meaning pit or pitfall) is a small, central pit composed of closely packed cones in the eye. The fovea is responsible for sharp central vision (also called foveal vision), which is necessary in humans for activities where visual detail is of primary importance, such as reading and driving. Answer : (d)

the posterior lobe of each cerebral hemisphere that bears the visual cortex and has the form of a 3-sided pyramid. The occipital lobe is the visual processing center of the mammalian brain Answer : (b)

The fovea centralis (the term fovea comes from the Latin, meaning pit or pitfall) is a small, central pit composed of closely packed cones in the eye. Answer : (d)

Answer : (b)

Answer : (d)

The ventral ramus (Ramus ventralis) is the anterior division of a spinal nerve. It branches into the dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, and rami communicans. The dorsal ramus of spinal nerve (or posterior ramus of spinal nerve, or posterior primary division) Posterior rami carry visceral motor, somatic motor, and sensory information to and from the skin and deep muscles of the back. Ramus meningeal One of the primary branches of a spinal nerve that reenters the vertebral foramen and supplies the meninges and vertebralcolumn. are branches which communicate between the spinal nerves and the sympathetic trunk. Ramus communicans Each spinal nerve receives a branch called a gray ramus communicans from the adjacent paravertebral ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. Answer : (b)