AIDS does not spread by the handshak Answer : (b)

Allergies and asthma often occur together. The same substances that trigger your hay fever symptoms, such as pollen, dust mites and pet dander, may also cause asthma signs and symptoms. In some people, skin or food allergies can cause asthma symptoms. Answer : (a)

A bacterium called Vibrio cholerae causes cholera infection. Answer : (d)

Cancer cells are less organized than healthy cells, it's harder for them to repair the damage done by radiation. So cancer cells are more easily destroyed by radiation, while healthy, normal cells are better able to repair themselves and survive the treatment. Answer : (c)

Aedes aegypti, the principal mosquito vector of dengue viruses is an insect closely associated with humans and their dwellings. The viruses are passed on to humans through the bites of an infective female Aedes mosquito, which mainly acquires the virus while feeding on the blood of an infected person Answer : (b)

An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses Answer : (a)

Hay fever is caused by an allergic response to outdoor or indoor allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, or tiny flecks of skin and saliva shed by cats, dogs, and other animals with fur or feathers Answer: (b)

Antibody is connected with Immune system Answer : (a)

Papaver somniferum, commonly known as the opium poppy Answer : (d)

Taenia solium is a tapeworm which has humans as its definitive host and often pigs as intermediate or secondary host. Answer : (b)

ncreased asthmatic attacks in certain seasons , are related to inhalation of seasonal pollen. Pollens are microscopic grains produced by plants in order to reproduce. Pollen allergy is a hypersensitive reaction to pollen. Answer : (a)

Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is almost always transmitted by water or food that has been contaminated by human waste. Answer : (d)

Macrophages that reside in adult healthy tissues either derive from circulating monocytes or are established before birth and then maintained during adult life independently of monocytes. Answer : (c)

Filariasis is a rare infectious tropical disorder caused by the round worm parasites (nematode) Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia malayi. Answer : (c)

carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body, and that arises from cells originating in the endodermal, mesodermal or ectodermal germ layer during embryogenesis. Answer : (d)

Cytokine network include Several different cell types coordinate their efforts as part of the immune system, including B cells, T cells, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils. Cytokines induce macrophage are released at inflammatory foci. This causes vasodilation. Answer : (a)

IgM is the largest antibody, and it is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen. Answer : (d)

T-cells or T lymphocyte mature in the thymus gland or in the lymph nodes. Thus Surgical removal of thymus of a new born shall result in failure to produce T-lymphocytes Answer : (c)

Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes include malaria, dengue,yellow fever, West Nile virus, chikungunya, filariasis, tularemia, dirofilariasis, Japanese encephalitis, Saint Louis encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalitis, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Ross River fever, Barmah Forest fever, La Crosse encephalitis, and Zika fever, Answer : (b)

leaks with nuclear installation is that radioactive material might get discharged into the environment which have relatively high levels of ionizing radiation causing cancer or Carcinogenic Answer : (a)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a relatively rare acquired, autoimmune disorder caused by an antibody-mediated blockade of neuromuscular transmission resulting in skeletal muscle weakness. Answer : (d)

Gamma globulins act as the antibody defense against antigen invasion. ... Gamma globulins are manufactured in cells of the immune system known as lymphocytes and plasma cells. Answer : (c)

Lysozyme is found in many body fluids such as tears, saliva or mucus to protect body surfaces from bacterial infections. Answer : (b)

Examples opiate narcotic include the illicit drug heroin and pharmaceutical drugs like OxyContin, Vicodin, codeine, morphine, methadone, and fentanyl. Answer : (a)

HIV releases and uses reverse transcriptase to convert its genetic material—HIV RNA—into HIV DNA. The conversion of HIV RNA to HIV DNA allows HIV to enter the Helper T-cell nucleus and combine with the cell's genetic material—cell DNA (ssDNA). Answer : (b)

Hansen's disease also known as leprosy is an infection caused by slow-growing bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae. Answer : (c)

Lysozyme is found in tears, sweat and saliva. Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls and provides protection against bacterial invasion in the skin, mucous membranes and many body fluids. Answer : (b)

Symptom of Entamoeba histolytica Loose stools, mild abdominal cramping, frequent, watery, and/or bloody stools with severe abdominal cramping (termed amoebic dysentery) may occur, flatulence, appetite loss, and fatigue.. Answer : (a)

Cancer is the most common human genetic disease. Assertion ststement is false Well-differentiated cancer cells look more like normal cells and tend to grow and spread more slowly than poorly differentiated or undifferentiated cancer cells.. Reason statement is false Answer : (d)

Dengue viruses are spread to people through the bites of infected Aedes species mosquitoes Answer : (b)

Hansen's disease is also known as leprosy, is an infection caused by slow-growing bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae. Answer : (a)

An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. Option 'a' is NOT correctly matched. Initiation factors are proteins that bind to the small subunit of the ribosome during the initiation of translation, a part of protein biosynthesis. Amino acid activation refers to the attachment of an amino acid to its Transfer RNA (tRNA). Option 'b' is NOT correctly matched. The replication fork is a very active area where DNA replication takes place. The mRNA produced in transcription is a copy of the sense strand, but it is the antisense strand that is transcribed. Option 'c' is NOT correctly matched. HIV releases and uses reverse transcriptase to convert its genetic material—HIV RNA—into HIV DNA. The conversion of HIV RNA to HIV DNA allows HIV to enter the Helper T-cell nucleus and combine with the cell's genetic material—cell DNA.Option 'd' is correctly matched Answer : (d)

The common cold is contagious; it can be spread by air droplets from coughs and sneezes and by touching infected surfaces. HIV is a sexually transmitted infection and can also be spread by contact with infected blood or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breast-feeding. Hepatitis B is highly contagious. It spreads through contact with infected blood and certain other bodily fluids. Malaria is not transmitted person to person. Although it is an infectious disease, it is not communicable in most instances to uninfected individuals. Answer : (d)

The increase in temperature is due to the haemozoin that is released as the parasite break open the membrane and at the same time some of the parasites are converted to merozoites whose presence in blood can be detected Answer : (c)

Nonspecific defenses include physical and chemical barriers, the inflammatory response, and interferons. All animals have phagocytes that recognize and eliminate foreign invaders which are second line of defense. Answer : (b)

Cancer is a broad term. It describes the disease that results when cellular changes cause the uncontrolled growth and division of cells. Answer : (d)

Influenza is a viral infection antiviral drugs that have been used to treat other viral infections is the most all interferons share several common effects: they are antiviral agents. Ascariasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, which is a species of roundworm. Filariasis is a parasitic disease Giardia is a microscopic parasite Answer : (b)

P. malariae is the only human malaria parasite that causes fevers that recur at approximately three-day intervals,therefore occurring every fourth day, a quartan fever, longer than the two-day (tertian) intervals of the other malarial parasites. Answer : (a)

Immunoglobulin M ( IgM ) is constructed of five or six units (i.e. mostly as pentamers but also hexamers occur) which are each comprised of two heavy-chains (mu-chains) and two light chains, bound together by disulfide bonds and a so-called J-chain. Answer : (b)

The allergic and inflammatory response (inflammation) occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause. The damaged cells release chemicals including histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins. These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling. Histamine, causes arteriolar vasodilation, venous constriction in some vascular beds, and increased capillary permeability. These effects increase local blood flow and cause tissue edema. Answer : (a)

Typhoid fever is caused by a type of bacteria called Salmonella typhi. This isn't the same bacteria that cause salmonella food poisoning, but the two are related. Answer : (c)

Polio is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Polio sometime progresses to paralytic disease. This is because the muscles become weak, floppy and poorly controlled and finally, completely die off or gets paralyzed Answer : (c)

Plasmodium vivax induces morphologic alterations in infected host RBCs of human (erythrocytes) that are visible by light microscopy in Romanowsky-stained blood smears as multiple brick-red dots. Answer : (d)

African Trypanosomiasis, also known as “sleeping sickness”, is caused by microscopic parasites of the species Trypanosoma brucei. It is transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina species), which is found only in sub-Saharan Africa. Answer : (c)

TAB vaccine is a combined vaccine used to produce immunity against the diseases typhoid, paratyphoid A, and paratyphoid B Answer : (d)

Passive immunity can occur naturally, such as when an infant receives a mother's antibodies through the placenta or breast milk, or artificially, such as when a person receives antibodies in the form of an injection Answer : (c)

The cause of syphilis is a bacterium called Treponema pallidum . Answer : (a)

Under the influence of marijuana people may experience an acute psychosis, which includes hallucinations, delusions, and a loss of the sense of personal identity. These unpleasant but temporary reactions are distinct from longer-lasting psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, Answer : (d)

Assertion and reason are true but not dependant statement hence If both the assertion and reason are true but reason does not explain the assertion. Answer : (b)

Macrophages are large, specialized cells that recognize, engulf and destroy target cells. Answer : (a)