The human sperm neck contains two centrioles as well as a specialized PCM. The proximal centriole (PC) is found just near the head base, and the distal centriole (DC) is located further from the head, attached to the base of the axoneme Answer : (b)

Capacitation is a process whereby the glycoprotein coat is modified and seminal proteins are removed from the surface of the sperm. Answer : (c)

Antifertilizin: A protein that reacts with fertilizin, causing sperm to adhere to the egg. Answer : (b)

Male accessory gland, prostate gland, produces a milky slightly alkaline secretion which forms 25% of the volume of semen. It possesses calcium, phosphate, bicarbonates, enzymes, clotting enzymes, prefibrolysin and prostaglandins. Secretion of the prostate gland nourish and activates the spermatozoa to swim. Prostaglandins helps in liquefying cervical mucus and helps in liquefying cervical mucus and stimulating movement in the female tract. Answer : (a)

The action or process of fertilizing an egg or a female animal or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote. Answer : (c)

Oogenesis the production or development of an ovum. Answer : (b)

Capacitation occurs while sperm reside in the female reproductive tract for a period of time, as they normally do during gamete transport. The length of time required varies with species, but usually requires several hours. Answer : (a)

The ovarian surface epithelium, also called the germinal epithelium of Waldeyer, is a layer of simple squamous-to-cuboidal epithelial cells covering the ovary. Answer : (a)

Answer : (b)

The connective tissue lying in between seminiferous tubules are called Leydig’s cell and it contain yellow pigment granules. Leydig cells are large polyhedral cells which have eccentric nucleus and small lipid containg vacuoles. They secrete testosterone and other androgens. Answer : (a)

Ovulation typically happens around day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle in ovary Answer : (c)

The germinal epithelium is the epithelial layer of the seminiferous tubules of the testicles. It is also known as the wall of the seminiferous tubules Answer : (d)

Ovulation is the release of the female germ cell, oocyte from ovarian follicle at the ovary surface. The mechanism of ovulation varies between species. It is either cyclical and spontaneous or noncyclical and reflex or induced. Spontaneous ovulation is the ovulatory process in which the maturing ovarian follicles secrete ovarian steroids to generate pulsatilla GnRH (neuropeptide controlling reproduction in vertebrates ) release into the median eminence ( the area which connects hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland) to cause per- ovulatory LH ( luteinizing hormone) surge. Spontaneously ovulating species go through menstrual cycles and are fertile at the certain period of cycle e.g., ratchet, mice, sheep, humans. Induced or reflex ovulation is the process by which preovulatory LH surge and therefore the ovulation is induced by some components of coitus or mating or some sort of genital stimulation. In some cases, ovulation is induced by plasma of seminal fluid e.g. cats, rabbits, ferrets etc. Thus, the correct answer is option "a" Answer : (a)

Monozygotic twins, also known as identical twins, develop from one egg fertilized by one sperm. Answer : (a)

Answer : (b)

Colostrum is a breast fluid produced by humans, cows, and other mammals before breast milk is released. It’s very nutritious and contains high levels of antibodies, which are proteins that fight infections and bacteria. Answer : (d)

Answer : (d)

Answer : (a)

Answer : (b)

Acrosome contains enzymes hyaluronidase and acrosin. These enzymes break down the outer membrane of the ovum, called the zona pellucida, allowing the haploid nucleus in the sperm cell to join with the haploid nucleus in the ovum. Answer : (a)

Low levels of estrogen and progesterone signal the pituitary gland to produce Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Answer : (a)

A Sertoli cell is a "nurse" cell of the testicles that is part of a seminiferous tubule and helps in the process of spermatogenesis, the production of sperm Answer : (a)

Answer : (a)

The layer of cells that line the uterus is called the endometrium . It is this layer that proliferates in response to estrogen and later, develops into a secretory lining in response to progesterone. Answer : (d)

In human the unpaired male reproductive structure is prostate. The paired bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands are small, about the size of a pea, and located near the base of the penis. The paired seminal vesicles are saccular glands posterior to the urinary bladder. The two testicles are egg-shaped male reproductive glands Answer : (d)

The primary spermatocyte divides meiotically (Meiosis I) into two secondary spermatocytes; each secondary spermatocyte divides into two equal haploid spermatids by Meiosis II. The spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa (sperm) by the process of spermiogenesis. Answer : (d)

The efferent ducts or efferent ductules or ductuli efferentes or ductus efferentes or vasa efferentia connect the testis with the initial section of the epididymis. Answer : (a)

Ovarian follicles are the basic units of female reproductive biology. Each of them contains a single oocyte (immature ovum or egg cell). Answer : (c)

A few thousand sperm swim through the uterotubal junctions to reach the Fallopian tubes (uterine tubes, oviducts) where sperm are stored in a reservoir, or at least maintained in a fertile state, by interacting with endosalpingeal (oviductal) epithelium. Answer : (c)

The distal centriole gives rise to the axial filament which forms the tail and has a (9+2) arrangement Answer : (a)