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Q.1
Fuel wood is .... [ EAMCET 1990]
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a) Renewable source of energy
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b) Source of alcohol
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c) Source of biogas
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d) Source of petroleum gas
Explanation
Wood fuel (or fuelwood) is a fuel such as firewood, charcoal, chips, sheets, pellets, and sawdust. Wood comes from trees, trees are made of it. And trees are easy to grow. All you need is fertile ground, water, and sunlight. Therefore it is a renewable resource. Answer : (a)
Q.2
Root knot disease of Brinjal is due to ... [ kerala 2006]
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a) Phytophthora infestans
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b) Meloidogyne incogenita
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c) Fusarium udum
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d) Xanthomonas citri
Explanation
Root knot disease is caused by microscopic, parasitic, soil-inhabiting nematodes, otherwise known as eelworms, of the genus Meloidogyne. These nematodes burrow into the soft tissues of root tips and young roots, and cause the nearby root cells to divide and enlarge. Answer : (b)
Q.3
Technique that was employed to produce haploids of Datura was ... ] kerala 2006]
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a) Meristem culture
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b) Anther culture
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c) Embryo culture
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d) Callus culture
Explanation
Anther Culture. A plant culturing technique in which immature pollen is made to divide and grow into tissue (either callus or embryonic tissue) in either a liquid medium or on solid media. Anther culture seems to be an excellent method for breeding interval abbreviation commonly. It has been developed progressively since the 1960s in different plant species. Guha and Maheswari (1964) reported production of Datura haploid plants by culturing anthers. Answer : (b)
Q.4
The plant of Triticum aestivum is ... [ MPPMT 2009]
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a) Diploid
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b) Hexaploid
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c) Haploid
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d) Tetraploid
Explanation
T. aestivum (2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD genome) is an allohexaploid that was formed through hybridization and successive chromosome doubling of three diploid Triticum/Aegilops species. Answer : (b)
Q.5
Removal of anthers of some flowers during plant breeding is ... [ JIPMER 2004]
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a) Pollination
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b) Anthesis
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c) Emasculation
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d) For collection of pollen
Explanation
Emasculation is the process of removal of anthers in bisexual flowers to prevent self-pollination. Answer : (c)
Q.6
Which of the following is a bacterial plant disease ... [ Odisha 2010]
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a) Ring rot of Sugarcane
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b) Downy mildew of Grapes
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c) Ring rot of Potato
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d) Tikka disease of Groundnut
Explanation
Ring rot of potatoes is caused by the bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis. Downy mildew is caused by the fungus Plasmopara viticola. Tikka disease is caused by fungus belonging to genus cercospora. Colletotrichum falcatum, a concealed fungal ascomycete causes red rot, which is a serious disease in sugarcane. Answer : (c)
Q.7
Tissue culture technique can produce indefinite number of new plants from a small parental tissue. The economic importance of the technique is in raising ... [ AIIMS 1992]
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a) Development of new species
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b) Homozygous diploid plants
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c) Variants through picking up somaclonal
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d) Genetically uniform population of elite species
Explanation
Tissue culture is seen as an important technology for developing countries for the production of disease-free, high quality planting material and the rapid production of many uniform plants. Answer : (d)
Q.8
Pyrolysis is ... ..[ MHTCET 1999]
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a) Biochemical process
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b) Biological process
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c) thermochemical process
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d) Petrochemical process
Explanation
The pyrolysis process is the thermal decomposition of materials at elevated temperatures in an inert atmosphere. It involves a change of chemical composition. The word is coined from the Greek-derived elements pyro "fire", "heat", "fever" and lysis "separating". Answer : (c)
Q.9
Correct chronological order during callus formation is ... [ Guj CET 2007]
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a) Explant → Cell division → Callus → Addition of Cytokinin → Cells acquire meristematic property
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b) Callus → Explant → Cell division → Addition of Cytokinin → Cells acquire meristematic property
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c) Callus → Cell division → Explant → Addition of Cytokinin → Cells acquire meristematic property
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d) Explant → Callus → Cell division → Addition of Cytokinin → Cells acquire meristematic property
Explanation
Plant callus (plural calluses or calli) is a growing mass of unorganized plant parenchyma cells. In living plants, callus cells are those cells that cover a plant wound. In biological research and biotechnology callus formation is induced from plant tissue samples (explants) after surface sterilization and plating onto tissue culture medium in vitro (in a closed culture vessel such as a Petri dish). The culture medium is supplemented with plant growth regulators, such as auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin, to initiate callus formation or somatic embryogenesis. Callus initiation has been described for all major groups of land plants. Answer : (a)
Q.10
Smoking is used as a technique of ... [ MHT CET 2009]
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a) Fish preservation
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b) Mushroom cultivation
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c) Crystallization of sugar
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d) Crop harvesting
Explanation
Removing the moisture from food helps prevent bacterial and fungal growth which would ruin stored foods. Smoking is a method of drying that also imparts flavor to the food (usually meat items), and smoke helps keep bacteria-carrying-insects away during the drying process. This technique is used for preservation of fishes. Answer : (a)
Q.11
Zebu is ... [ KCET 2004]
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a) Bos indicus
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b) Gallus gallus
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c) Bubalus bubalus
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d) Bombyx mori
Explanation
Domesticated cattle (oxen or bullocks) are usually classified into two major groups, zebu (Bos indicus) and European (Bos taurus) cattle. Answer : (a)
Q.12
A viral disease of poultry is ... [ CBSE 2007]
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a) Coryza
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b) New Castle disease
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c) Pasteurellosis
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d) Salmonellosis
Explanation
Infectious coryza is a serious bacterial disease of chickens, which affects respiratory system, and it is manifested by inflammation of the area below the eye, nasal discharge, and sneezing. Newcastle disease is an infection of domestic poultry and other bird species with virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Fowl cholera ( Pasteurellosis) is a contagious, bacterial disease of birds caused by Pasteurella multocida. Salmonellosis in poultry is caused by Gram-negative bacteria from the genus Salmonella. Answer : (b)
Q.13
Pyrolysis of wood yields ... [ MHTCET 2005]
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a) Wood alcohol
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b) Wood gas
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c) Pyroligneous acid
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d) All the above
Explanation
Pyrolysis: Wood that is subject to rapid thermal decomposition in the absence of oxygen is known as pyrolysis. This process produces bio-oil liquids, gases, and char. Pyroligneous acid (PA) is a complex highly oxygenated aqueous liquid fraction obtained by the condensation of pyrolysis vapors. Answer : (d)
Q.14
Callus can form plantlets through altering concentration of ... [ W.B. 2012]
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a) Hormones
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b) Amino acids
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c) Sugars
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d) Vitamins
Explanation
Plant hormones induces the growth and development in plants. Differential concentration of auxin and cytokinin regulates morphogenesis. So, callus tissue can be regenerated into plantelets by altering concentration of hormones. Answer : (a)
Q.15
Mass selection is preferred in case of ... [ MPPMT 1997]
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a) Vegetative propagated plants
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b) Cross pollinated plants
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c) Self pollinated plants
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d) Both b and c
Explanation
The seed from selected plants is bulked for the next generation. This method is used to improve the overall population by positive or negative mass selection. Mass selection is only applied to a limited degree in self-fertilizing plants and is an effective method for the improvement of land races. Answer : (c)
Q.16
Terminator gene ... [ BHU 2005]
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a) Helps in terminating flowering
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b) Helps in terminating seed germination
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c) Used in hybridization
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d) None of the above
Explanation
The terminator gene is a specific genetic sequence that terminates germnination of seed and thus makes it sterile. Terminator seeds contain a repressor gene that kills the embryo in any seed that a genetically modified plant protected by terminator technology produces. Answer : (b)
Q.17
Latex containing plants are classified on the basis of ... [ MHTCET 2007]
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a) Chemical composition
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b) Morphological traits
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c) Botha a and b
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d) None of the above
Explanation
Latex is a stable dispersion (emulsion) of polymer microparticles in water. Latexes are found in nature, but synthetic latexes are common as well. Latex are classified on basis of chemical composition. The cells (laticifers) in which latex is found make up the laticiferous system, which can form in two very different ways. In many plants, the laticiferous system is formed from rows of cells laid down in the meristem of the stem or root. In the milkweed and spurge families, on the other hand, the laticiferous system is formed quite differently. Early in the development of the seedling, latex cells differentiate, and as the plant grows these latex cells grow into a branching system extending throughout the plant. Latex can also be classified on basis of morphological trait. Answer : (c)
Q.18
Hybrid vigour is best maintained in vegetatively reproducing plants because they are ... [ CBSE 1998]
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a) With long life span
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b) Easily propagated
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c) Resistance to diseases
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d) Little liable to lose vigour due to absence of sexual reproduction
Explanation
Heterosis, hybrid vigor, or outbreeding enhancement is the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. Hybid vigour can reduce in following generation in sexual repoduction. Vegetative reproduction is the process of multiplication in a small part or portion of the plant body which functions as a propagule and develops into a new individual. Thus, vegetative reproduction does not involve meiosis; hence, recombination and no loss of heterozygosity. Answer : (d)
Q.19
Assertion: Inbreeding increases homozygosty exposing harmful recessive genes, some of which are eliminated by selection Reason: Continued inbreeding reduces fertility and productivity
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a) Both are true with reason being correct explanation
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b) Both are true but reason is not correct explanation
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c) Assertion is true but reason is wrong
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d) Both are wrong
Explanation
Inbreeding refers to the mating of more closely related individuals within the same breed for 4-6 generations. Inbreeding increases homozygosity. Inbreeding exposes harmful recessive genes that are eliminated by selection. It also helps in accumulation of superior genes and elimination of less desirable genes. Therefore, this approach, where there is selection at each step, increases the productivity of inbred population. However, continued inbreeding, especially close inbreeding, usually reduces fertility and even productivity. This is called inbreeding depression. Assertion and reason are true but assertion is pros of inbreeding and reason is cons of inbreeding. Thus reason is not correct explanation of assertion. Answer : (b)
Q.20
Slaughter house is known as ... [ AFMC 2010]
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a) Abattoir
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b) Apiary
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c) Aviary
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d) Arboretum
Explanation
Answer : (a)
Q.21
Which amongst the following is used in raising super-milk cows .. [ CBSE 1997]
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a) Artificial insemination with pedigree
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b) Embryo transplantation
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c) Superovulation of high yielding cow
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d) All the above
Explanation
Answer : (d)
Q.22
Statement a: Ranikhet disease is the disease of poultry Statement b: It is caused by a virus
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a) Both a and b are correct
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b) a is correct, b is wrong
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c) a is wrong, b is correct
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d) a and b are wrong
Explanation
Ranikhet disease or popularly known as Newcastle disease in West is an infection of domestic poultry and other bird species. Ranikhet Disease is caused by a family of viruses known as Paramyxovirus. Statement a and b are correct. Answer : (a)
Q.23
Emasculation is removal of ... [ kerala 2001]
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a) Corolla from flower of female parent
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b) Stigma from flower of male parent
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c) Calyx from flower of female parent
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d) Stamens from flowers of female parents
Explanation
Removal of stamens or anthers or killing the pollen of a flower without the female reproductive organ is known as emasculation. Answer : (d)
Q.24
Principal cereal crop of India is .... [ ODisha 2012]
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a) Wheat
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b) Rice
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c) Maize
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d) Barley
Explanation
Rice is a Kharif crop. It covers one-third of the total cultivated area of India. It provides food to more than half of the Indian population. Rice is produced in almost all states. Answer : (b)
Q.25
Farmers cannot use seeds of plant showing hybrid vigour in successive years because ... [ BHU 2000]
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a) Hybrid vigour is lost on inbreeding
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b) It is cheaper to purchase fresh seeds
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c) Dunkel's proposals
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d) They are not allowed to sow their own seeds
Explanation
Heterosis, hybrid vigor, or outbreeding enhancement is the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. Inbreeding refers to the mating of more closely related individuals within the same breed for 4-6 generations. Inbreeding increases homozygosity. Inbreeding in a normal population leads to the offspring getting worse, less fit, less fertile and usually not living as long as the parents. Answer : (a)
Q.26
Which is not true of Scirpophaga incertulas?
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a) Adult stage does not damage crop
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b) It is polyphagous pest
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c) It feeds on inner stem tissues
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d) It is active in evening
Explanation
Scirpophaga incertulas, the yellow stem borer or rice yellow stem borer, is a species of moth of the family Crambidae. The larvae feed on Oryza sativa. They bore the stem of their host plant. After hatching, early instars bore into the leaf sheath and causing longitudinal yellowish-white patches as a result of feeding. Then it invades the stem of the rice plant and stays in the pith to feed on the inner surface of the stem wall. Polyphagous pests are those which feed on plants belonging to diverse taxonomic groups. It only feed on rice and hence it is not polyphagus pest. Answer : (b)
Q.27
Which one is correct matching ? .... [ AIIMS 2008]
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a) Potato - Late blight - Fusarium udum
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b) Citrus - Canker - Pseudomonas rubrilineans
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c) Brinjal - Root Knot - Meloidogyne incognita
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d) Pigeon Pea - Seed Gall - Phytophthora infestans
Explanation
Late blight caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans is the most important disease of potato that can result into crop failures in a short period if appropriate control measures are not adopted. Citrus canker is a citrus disease caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri. Root-knot of brinjal is caused by parasitic nematodes from the genus Meloidogyne. Seed gall in pigeon pea is caused by Colletotrichum cajani. Answer : (c)
Q.28
Which is not correctly matched? ... [ kerala 2005]
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a) Explant - Excised plant part used for callus formation
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b) Cytokinins - Root initiation in callus
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c) Anther culture - Haploid plants
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d) Callus - undifferentiated cell
Explanation
Explant- Transfer (living cells, tissues, or organs) from animals or plants to a nutrient medium. A high ratio of cytokinin to auxin favours shoot production, whereas a high auxin to cytokinin ratio favours root production. Intermediate levels of both hormones enhance callus formation. Anther culture: This is a technique by which immature pollen is made to divide and grow into tissue (either callus or embryonic tissue), primarily to produce haploids. Callus is defined as a group of cells derived from competent source tissue that is cultured under in vitro conditions to form an undifferentiated mass of cells. Answer : (b)
Q.29
Haploids are more suitable for mutation studies because .... [ CBSE 2008]
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a) Mutagens penetrate haploid more effectively than diploids
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b) All mutations whether dominan or recessive are expressed in haploids
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c) Haploids are reproductively more stable
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d) Haploids are more abundant than diploid
Explanation
Haploid plants, are always pure because they possess only one set of chromosomes. So, the mutations are expressed very easily in haploid plants as compared to diploid plants. Answer : (b)
Q.30
In Maize, hybrid dealing with improvement of plant variety is ... [ Bih PMT 2006]
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a) Inducing mutations
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b) Crossing two inbreed lines
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c) Bombarding the protoplast with DNA
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d) Harvesting seeds from most productive plants
Explanation
Inbreeding refers to the mating of more closely related individuals within the same breed for 4- 6 generations. A similar strategy is used for developing purelines in cattle as was used in case of peas. The F1 hybrid of crosses between different genotypes is often much more vigorous than its parents. This hybrid vigour, or heterosis, can be manifested in many ways, including increased rate of growth, greater uniformity, earlier flowering, and increased yield, the last being of greatest importance in agriculture. Answer : (b)
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