Breeding is carried out by the conventional breeding techniques (described earlier) or by mutation breeding. The conventional method of breeding for disease resistance is that of hybridisation and selection. Answer : (d)

The bacteria which produce the gaseous mixture (biogas) are collectively known as methanogens. Methanobacterium is one such methanogen. Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in hypoxic conditions. They are prokaryotic and belong to the domain Archaea. Answer : (a)

The bacteria which produce the gaseous mixture (biogas) are collectively known as methanogens. Methanobacterium is one such methanogen. Answer : (b)

The Nagpuri is a breed of water buffalo originating in Maharashtra, India. It stands better amongst the breeds of buffaloes which combine the milk and drought qualities in a better proportion in adverse climatic conditions Average milk yield per lactation is 1039 kg ranging from 760-1500 kg with average milk fat of 8.25% ranging from 7.0-8.8%. Nagpuri can withstand extreme climatic conditions as high as 47°C even in respect of milk production and fertility.Male animal are used for daught purposes but it works slow than bull Cattle). Answer : (c)

Clonal cell lines are the cells that are identical to each other and share a common ancestor. Cell lines are cultures of animal cells that can be propagated repeatedly and sometimes indefinitely. They arise from primary tissue cultures. Answer : (a)

Surface feeder fish are those fish which have a straight back that helps their upturned mouth or supra terminal mouth to easily reach the surface and perfectly grab the food without being revealed to the prey. Examples of surface sardine, herring, bluefin tuna, catla and most sharks. Answer : (c)

Stilbesterol is the hormone which is used in sterile cows to induce lactation. It is a synthetic nonsteroid with the properties of estrogen. Answer : (c)

Totipotency is defined as the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all the differentiated cells in an organism, including extraembryonic tissues. Answer : (a)

The Blue Revolution refers to the significant growth and intensification of global aquaculture production -domestication and farming of fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants- from the middle of the 20th century to present, particularly in underdeveloped countries. Answer : (c)

Plant medium used widely in the preparation of culture medium is got from Cocos nucifera milk of coconut or coconut water is widely used for culture preparation as it contains several growth substances and can be extracted easily. It provides the growth hormone known as cytokinin. Answer : (b)

Bacterial blight is caused by Pseudomonas syringae. Bordeaux mixture—a combination of copper sulfate, lime, and water—is an effective fungicide and bactericide. This can protect chickpea. Using disease variant seeds are also another measure to prevent from bacterial blight. Answer : (d)

Cellulase catalyze cellulolysis, the decomposition of cellulose and of some related polysaccharides. Pectinase break down pectin. Cell wall is made of cellulose, pectin. Statement (a) is correct. Azolla is a small floating fern and is the only known pteridophyte that lives in symbiosis with a diazotrophic cyanobacterium. Statement (b) is correct. PEG is used in protoplast fusion and not for regeneration of cell wall in somatic hybridization. Statement (c) is wrong. Anther or pollen culture: It is a technique by which immature pollen is made to divide and grow into tissue (either callus or embryonic tissue), primarily to produce haploids. Statement (d) is correct. Answer : (c)

Ranikhet disease, also known in the West as Newcastle disease is a contagious and highly fatal disease of fowls. It is one of the most serious virus diseases of poultry. Answer : (c)

Explant is a cell, organ, or piece of tissue which has been transferred from animals or plants to a nutrient medium. In terms of plants, the explant is the small pieces of plant part and issues that are aseptically cut and then they are kept in a nutrient medium. Answer : (a)

Polyculture is the practice of culturing more than one species of aquatic organism in the same pond. Moriculture can be defined as the process of cultivating mulberry plants in order to obtain feed for silkworms. Aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, is the controlled cultivation of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, mollusks, algae and other organisms of value such as aquatic plants. Answer : (c)

Emasculation is the process of removal of anthers in bisexual flowers to prevent self-pollination. a-iii. Plant hybridization is the process of crossbreeding between genetically dissimilar parents to produce a hybrid. b- iv Clonal selection is the selection of the most desirable members of a clone for continued vegetative propagation rather than for sexual reproduction. Hybrid vigour can be maintained for long periods by clonal selection because clones are stable and are not prone to segregation. c- i. In pureline selection, a large number of plants are selected from a self-pollinated Crop and are harvested individually, their individual progenies are evaluated and the best progeny is released as a pureline variety.d - ii Answer : (c)

Somaclonal variation is the variation seen in plants that have been produced by plant tissue culture. Answer : (b)

Somatic embryos are non-zygotic embryo- like structure or embryoids which develop from somatic cells. Its regeneration requires a high concentration of a single hormone, auxin like 2,4−D. Generally, cytokinin is not required except for certain monocot plants. Answer : (a)

Answer : (c)

A totipotent cell is a single cell that can give rise to a new organism. Spores and zygotes are examples of totipotent cells Answer : (a)

Fish flour contains Crude protein : 65% Crude fat : 9.2% Ash : 16.8% Answer : (b)

Somaclonal variation is the variation seen in plants that have been produced by plant tissue culture Somaclonal variation can be defined as the variation that occurs because of genetic mutation caused by in vitro conditions or by chimeral separation Answer : (b)

Answer : (b)

FSH, LH and hCG are heterodimeric proteins Ovulation and spawning were induced in the breeding season by injecting human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and/or a preparation of the pituitary gland from common carp (CPG). Answer : (a)

Answer : (a)

Answer : (b)

Answer : (c)

Answer : (c)

Answer : (c)

Answer : (c)