The odontoid process (also dens or odontoid peg) is a protuberance (process or projection) of the Axis (second cervical vertebra). It exhibits a slight constriction or neck, where it joins the main body of the vertebra. Answer : (c)

Comminuted fractures are those in which bone breaks into many pieces and some of the pieces are without blood circulation Answer : (a)

The obturator foramen (Latin foramen obturatum) is the large opening created by the ischium and pubis bones of the pelvis through which nerves and blood vessels pass. Foramen magnum the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes. Foramen ovalis is an oval shaped opening in the middle cranial fossa l Fenestra rotundus connects Middle ear to inner ear Answer : (a)

Functionally, Ankle joint it is a hinge type joint, permitting dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot Answer : (c)

Two filaments of tropomyosin protein also run along the length of ‘F’ actins. Also, a complex troponin protein of three globular peptides ( Troponin T- binding globular peptides ( Troponin T-binding to tropomyosin as well as to the other two troponin components; Troponin I – inhibiting the F-actin-myosin interaction, also binding to other components of troponin; Troponin C-calcium binding polypeptide) is distributed at regular intervals on the tropomyosin. In the resting stage of muscle s, a sub unit of troponin masks the active sites for myosin on the actin filaments. Answer : (a)

Number of bones in human body is 206 Answer : (a)

Answer : (a)

The number of muscles in our body varies from around 640 to 850. Answer : (b)

synovial fluid is a viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints or freely movable joints, the principal role of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement. Answer : (c)

The lumbar vertebrae are, in human anatomy, the five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis Answer : (a)

Joint pains in old people is due to rheumatoid arthritis which causes joints to swell and the capsule to stretch, causing pain. Rheumatoid arthritis is due to overproduction of synovial fluid occurs, Answer : (b)

Pelvis is common to kidney and skeleton in mammals. Renal pelvis is the hollow funnel in the outlet of the kidney, into which urine is discharged before entering the ureter. Pelvic girdle also referred as hip girdle consists of two hip bones. Answer : (d)

Answer : (c)

The triceps is an extensor muscle of the elbow joint Extensor a muscle whose contraction extends or straightens a limb or other part of the body. Answer : (b)

The shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle is the set of bones in the appendicular skeleton which connects to the arm on each side. The shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle is the set of bones in the appendicular skeleton which connects to the arm on each side. In humans it consists of the clavicle and scapula Answer : (b)

The hyoid bone is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage Answer : (b)

The elbow joint is a complex hinge joint formed between the distal end of the humerus in the upper arm and the proximal ends of the ulna and radius in the forearm. Answer : (a)

Thick filaments of skeletal muscle fiber formed from a protein called myosin which has important properties of elasticity and contractibility. Answer : (a)

Ligaments connect one bone to another bone, tendons connect muscle to bone, and fasciaeconnect muscles to other muscles. Answer : (b)

The knee is the largest joint in the body. Answer : (b)

In frog first vertebra is atlas or cervical which is ring shaped to support the skull. Second to 7th vertebrae are procoelous with elongated transverse processes. Eighth vertebra is amphicoelous and the 9th vertebra is biconvex. Answer : (d)

The humerus is the long bone in the upper arm. It is located between the elbow joint and the shoulder. Answer:(a)

The haversian canals surround blood vessels and nerve cells throughout bones and communicate withbone cells (contained in spaces within the dense bonematrix called lacunae) through connections called canaliculi.haversian canals found in long bones Answer : (b)

Regulatory changes in purine synthesis result in increased synthesis of purines via the de novo pathway. These two processes cause uric acid overproduction Gout is a disorder of purine metabolism, and occurs when its final metabolite, uric acid, crystallizes in the form of monosodium urate, precipitating and forming deposits (tophi) in joints, on tendons, and in the surrounding tissues. Answer : (b)

Flexion is a joint movement that decreases the angle between the bones that converge at the joint. it is typically instigated by muscle contraction. Extensor a muscle whose contraction extends or straightens a limb or other part of the body. Abductor muscle whose contraction moves a limb or part away from the midline of the body, or from another part. the adductor longus is a skeletal muscle located in the thigh Answer : (a)

The knee is a modified hinge joint, a type of synovial join Answer : (d)

Answer : (b)

Synarthrosesan immovably fixed joint between bones connected by fibrous tissue A suture is a type of fibrous joint that is only found in the skull. The bones are bound together by Sharpey'sfibres. A tiny amount of movement is permitted at sutures, which contributes to the compliance and elasticity of the skull. These jointsare synarthroses. Answer : (a)

Cartilaginous joints are connected entirely bycartilage (fibrocartilage or hyaline). Cartilaginous joints allow more movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than the highly mobile synovial joint. Synchondrosis Where the connecting medium is hyaline cartilage. A symphysis is a fibrocartilaginous fusion between two bones. A diarthrosis, also known as synovial joint joins bones with a fibrous joint capsule. Answer : (d)

Jaw suspension is craniostylic. This type of jaw suspension is characteristic om mammals and some consider it as a modification of autostylic suspension, upper jaw fuses throughout its length with cranium and hyomandibular forms the era ossicles malleus and incus consequently two dermal bones dentary of lower jaw and squamosal of skull provide the articulation between jaws Answer : (d)