Lactic acid fermentation is a metabolic process by which glucose and other 6 carbon sugars are converted into cellular energy and metabolite lactate, which is lactic acid in solution. Answer:(b)

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) needed (i.e. demanded) by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material. Higher concentration of organic matter means higher oxygen requirement; Higher BOD. The concentration of organic mass present in the water indicated the pollution in water. So, BOD also indicates the pollution in water. Higher BOD, Higher pollution in water. Answer:(c)

Gut of cows and buffalo consists of methanogens. This microbes break down cellulose and other organic matter to produce methane. Answer:(d)

Cyclosporine A , a calcineurin inhibitor produced by the fungi Trichoderma polysporum, is an immunosuppressant prescribed in organ transplants to prevent rejection. (1) is correct Cholesterol-lowering statins are produced by Monascus purpureus, is a species of mold that is purplish-red in color. (2) is correct Streptokinase secreted by group A streptococcus works by activating the human form of the enzyme plasminogen, which routinely dissolves blood clots in the body. (3) is correct Clostridium acetobutylicum is an organism historically used for industrial-scale production of the organic solvents acetone, n-butanol, and ethanol (ABE) through a process known as ABE fermentation (4) is wrongly matched Answer:(d)

Cyanobacteria are autotrophic microbes widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments many of which can fix atmospheric nitrogen, e.g. Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscillatoria, etc. In paddy fields, cyanobacteria serve as an important biofertiliser. Blue green algae also add organic matter to the soil and increase its fertility Answer:(c)