Answer : (b)

Lecithins are composed of phosphoric acid, cholines, esters of glycerol (glyceride), and two fatty acids found in cell membrane. Option 'a' correct match Palmitic acid is saturated fatty acid Option 'b' NOT correct match Adenylic acid is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosineOption 'c' NOT correct match. Alanine amino acid is amino acids are organic compounds that contain amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. option c is NOT correct match Answer : (a)

Apoenzyme	Co-Enzyme
It is protein part of the holoenzyme or con¬jugate enzyme.	Coenzyme is the non-protein organic group which gets attached to the apoenzyme to form holoenzyme or conjugate enzyme.
It is large in size.	It is small in size.
An apoenzyme is specific for an enzyme.	A coenzyme can function as a cofactor for a number of enzymes carrying out that particular type of reaction.
It takes part in only catalytic activity of the enzyme.	It helps in removing a product of chemical reaction besides bringing contact between the substrate and the enzyme.
Apoenzyme does not help in group transfer.	Coenzyme takes part in group transfer.
Apoenzyme is thermolabile.	Coenzyme is heat stable.

Thermolabile refers to a substance which is subject to destruction, decomposition, or change in response to heat. Answer : (a)

Calcium ions are known to be required for normal polymerisation of fibrin monomers. Answer : (c)

Monosaccharides are glucose, galactose, ribose, and glyceraldehyde. Disaccharides are Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose Trisaccharide are Nigerotriose, Maltotriose, Melezitose, Maltotriulose, Raffinose, Kestose Polysaccharides are Starch,Cellulose, Glycogen Answer : (b)

Answer : (c)

All the peptide linkages of β-keratin participate in interchain hydrogen bonding. Answer : (c)

Imino acids are a group of compounds that contain both an amide and a carboxyl group, bonded to the alpha carbon molecule. Proline contains a secondary amine group, called an imine, instead of a primary amine group. For this reason, proline is called an imino acid. Answer : (d)

Cholesterol belongs to the steroid family of lipid (fat) compounds. Answer : (a)

An apoenzyme is an inactive enzyme, activation of the enzyme occurs upon binding of an organic or inorganic cofactor. An inactive enzyme without the cofactor is called an apoenzyme, while the complete enzyme with cofactor is called a holoenzyme. Resaon is false Answer : (c)

Human body contain 70%-90% of water In some organisms, up to 90% of their body weight comes from water. Up to 70% of the human adult body is water. Thus 50g living tissue will have about 35 g of water. The brain and heart are composed of 73% water, and the lungs are about 83% water. The skin contains 64% water, muscles and kidneys are 79%, and even the bones are watery: 31%. Answer : (c)

Ribozymes are RNA molecules that can carry out enzymatic function by speeding up the rate of a chemical reaction. Answer : (a)

The 5-carbon sugars ribose and deoxyribose are important components of nucleotides, and are found in RNA and DNA, respectively Answer : (a)

Histones are best known as major components of the nucleosome structure in eukaryotic cells, contributing to gene transcription regulation. They are characteristically classified into two groups: lysine (Lys)-rich histones and arginine Histones are abundant in lysine and arginine. Answer : (c)

RNA is made of monomers called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made up of three components: a nitrogenous base, a pentose (five-carbon) sugar called ribose, and a phosphate group. Each nitrogenous base in a nucleotide is attached to a sugar molecule, which is attached to one or more phosphate groups. Answer : (d)

Answer : (c)

An amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into sugars. hydrolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a chemical bond. using water. Answer : (b)

Insulin is composed of two peptide chains referred to as the A chain and B chain. A and B chains are linked together by two disulfide bonds, and an additional disulfide is formed within the A chain. In most species, the A chain consists of 21 amino acids and the B chain of 30 amino acids. Answer : (b)

RNA can act as a catalyst, the RNase-P RNA subunit could catalyze the cleavage of precursor tRNA into active tRNA in the absence of any protein component. Answer : (b)

maltose is composed of two α-D-glucose units in which C1 of one glucose (I) is linked to C4 of another glucose unit (II) The free aldehyde group can be produced at C1 of second glucose in solution and it shows reducing properties so it is a reducing sugar Answer : (b)

Proteins are built from a set of twenty amino acids, each of which has a unique side chain. Proteins consist of one or more chains of amino acids called polypeptides. These can be arranged in different order in the polypeptide chain to form a diverse array of proteins. Answer : (a)

ATP = Adenosine triphosphate, Ribose (d-ribose) is a type of simple sugar, or carbohydrate, that our bodies make. Adenine is one of the four nucleobases. It form the energy-rich adenosine triphosphate (ATP) It is an essential component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which supplies energy to our cells. Answer : (a)

Steroids are lipids because they are hydrophobic and insoluble in water, but they do not resemble lipids since they have a structure composed of four fused rings. Answer : (a)

The most diverse chemical are Proteins Answer : (c)

Supercoiling of DNA reduces the space and allows for DNA to be packaged Answer : (b)

Answer : (a)

The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases, with adenine forming a base pair with thymine, and cytosine forming a base pair with guanine. Answer : (c)

a hexose is a monosaccharide (simple sugar) with six carbon atoms Answer : (d)

Holoenzyme a biochemically active compound formed by the combination of an enzyme with a coenzyme. Answer : (b)

60-70% of human adult body is water Water is the most abundant molecule in cells, accounting for 70% or more of total cell mass. Water have 88.88% of oxygen in H2O Answer : (a)

Answer:(a)

Protein quality depends upon essential amino acid composition and the digestibility and bioavailability of its amino acids. Answer : (a)

The nitrogen bases in RNA include adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U). Answer : (a)

Most abundant protein in animal is collagen. However, the world's most abundant protein is RuBisCO, an enzyme that catalyzes the first step in carbon fixation Answer : (c)

The phospholipid is similar to the triglyceride Triglycerides are completely insoluble in water. However, due to the ionic organic phosphate group, phospholipids demonstrate properties because the ionic group is attracted to water. a - 3 The membrane lipid molecules are amphipathic. membrane lipid molecules—phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids.b - 4 Steroid hormone, any of a group of hormones that belong to the class of chemical compounds known as steroids; these hormones in animals reach their target organs to stimulate or inhibit specific physiological processes.c - 1 Many plants have leaves and fruits with wax coatings to help prevent water loss. Some animals also have wax-coated fur or feathers to repel water. d - 2 Answer : (c)

The three major classes of membrane lipids are phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol. Answer : (c)

Most cells have proteins, a organic molecule Answer : (b)

Feedback inhibition is a cellular control mechanism in which an enzyme's activity is inhibited by the enzyme's end product. Hexokinase, the enzyme catalyzing the first step of glycolysis, is inhibited by its product, glucose 6-phosphate. In turn, the level of glucose 6-phosphate rises because it is in equilibrium with fructose 6-phosphate. Hence, the inhibition of phosphofructokinase leads to the inhibition of hexokinase. Answer : (a)

The induced fit model is a model for enzyme-substrate interaction. According to the induced fit model, both enzyme and substrate undergo dynamic conformational changes upon binding. The enzyme contorts the substrate into its transition state, thereby increasing the rate of the reaction. Answer : (a)

Albumin on heating coagulates, heat denatures the albumin protein Albumin is water soluble Answer : (b)

Body stores some of carbohydrates within cells (as glycogen) and converts the rest to fat. The body can't store protein, so once needs are met, any extra is used for energy or stored as fat Answer : (b)

A peptide linkage is a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O). Answer : (c)

prosthetic group emphasizes the nature of the binding of a cofactor to a protein (tight or covalent) and, thus, refers to a structural property. Answer : (b)

Secondary metabolites (SMs) are generally defined as small organic molecules produced by an organism that are not essential for their growth, development and reproduction. Vinblastine is a chemical analogue of vincristine, an alkaloid derived from the Madagascar periwinkle plant Vinca rosea (Catharanthus roseus), from which it derives its name. Vinblastine and vincristine are secondary metabolites from Madagascar periwinkles that have a very high economic value as chemotherapy drugs. These compounds are naturally produced in a very low quantity in planta. Answer : (a)

Nitrogen is a component of amino acids and urea. Amino acids are the building blocks of all proteins. All lipids contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Some of them also contain nitrogen and phosphorus. The four main classes of lipids are fats, waxes, sterols, and phospholipids Answer : (d)

Inulin is a mixture of linear fructose polymers with different chain length and a glucose molecule at each C2 end. Inulin belongs to the fructan group of polysaccharides and serves as a carbohydrate storage in many plant species. Answer : (b)

Cytochrome is any of a number of compounds consisting of haem bonded to a protein. Cytochromes function as electron transfer agents in many metabolic pathways, Answer : (d)

Sucrose is formed in the cytosol of photosynthesizing cells from fructose and glucose and is then transported to other parts of the plant. This process is favorable for two reasons: Sucrose contains more energy than a monosaccharide, so it is more energy efficient, both in transport as in storage. Secondly, sucrose is a so called non-reducing sugar. This means that it is not oxidized i.e. no intermediate reactions with other molecules occur. This in contrast to glucose that is reactive and can form other products during transport. Answer : (c)

An endoenzyme, or intracellular enzyme, is an enzyme that functions within the cell in which it was produced. Physiologically normal intracellular pH is most commonly between 7.0 and 7.4, Answer : (c)

Answer : (a)