Answer : (b)

Adenine and Guanine are purines Answer : (a)

Amino acids are amphoteric, which means they have acidic and basic tendencies. The carboxyl group is able to lose a proton and the amine group is able to accept a proton. Statement 'a' is correct Body needs 20 different amino acids to grow and function properly. There are nine essential amino acids, which you must get through your diet: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine. Statement 'b' wrong Answer : (c)

Monosaccharides are glucose, galactose, ribose, and glyceraldehyde. Disaccharides are Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose Trisaccharide are Nigerotriose, Maltotriose, Melezitose, Maltotriulose, Raffinose, Kestose Polysaccharides are Starch,Cellulose, Glycogen Answer : (a)

Adenine and guanine are purines while thymine and cytosine are pyrimidines. A, four pyrimidine bases are present (thymine- 2, cytosine - 2). Answer : (a)

Amphipathic (or amphiphilic)—that is, they have a hydrophilic or polar end and a hydrophobic or nonpolar end. Amphipathic (of a molecule, especially a protein) having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. Answer : (b)

In enzymology, turnover number (also termed kcat) is defined as the maximum number of chemical conversions of substrate molecules per second that a single catalytic site will execute for a given enzyme Answer : (b)

A ribosome is made out of RNA and proteins, and each ribosome consists of two separate RNA-protein complexes Answer : (b)

Inulin is Homopolysaccharide with 3–60 fructose units per chain Answer : (d)

The smaller the Ki(Inhibitory Constant ) the greater the binding affinity and the smaller amount of medication needed in order to inhibit the activity of that enzyme. If a Ki is much larger than the maximal drug concentrations that a patient is typically exposed to from typical dosing, then that drug is not likely to inhibit the activity of that enzyme. The Michaelis constant, Km, is defined as the substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is half of the maximum, Vmax. is not a direct measure of an enzyme’s affinity for a substrate Answer : (c)

Answer : (d)

ELISA stands for enzyme-linked immunoassay. It is a commonly used laboratory test to detect antibodies in the blood. An antibody is a protein produced by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances, called antigens. Answer : (d)

Within a protein, multiple amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, thereby forming a long chain. Peptide bonds are formed by a biochemical reaction that extracts a water molecule as it joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of a neighboring amino acid. Answer : (a)

Glycine is the simplest amino acid and is the only amino acid that is not optically active (it has no stereoisomers). Answer : (a)

The experiment for which Buchner won the Nobel Prize consisted of producing a cell-free extract of yeast cells and showing that this "press juice" could ferment sugar. Answer : (c)

One of the most common methods for nucleic acid detection is the measurement of solution absorbance at 260 nm (A260) due to the fact that nucleic acids have an absorption maximum at this UV wavelength. Answer : (c)

The induced fit model suggested by Daniel Koshland in 1958. Answer : (a)

Protein secondary structure is the three dimensional form of local segments of proteins. The two most common secondary structural elements are alpha helices and beta sheets, though beta turns and omega loops occur as wel Answer : (b)

Chlorophyll a contains a magnesium ion encased in a large ring structure known as a chlorin. The chlorin ring is a heterocyclic compound derived from pyrrole. Four nitrogen atoms from the chlorin surround and bind the magnesium atom. The magnesium center uniquely defines the structure as a chlorophyll molecule Answer : (a)

Ribozymes are RNA molecules that can carry out enzymatic function by speeding up the rate of a chemical reactio Ribonuclease-P is a ribonucleic acid that acts as a catalyst in the same way that a protein-based enzyme would. Its function is to cleave off an extra, or precursor, sequence of RNA on tRNA molecules. Answer : (d)

Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated, essential fatty acid that has a 20-carbon chain as a backbone and four cis-double bonds at the C5, C8, C11, and C14 positions Answer : (d)

Glycine is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. , with the chemical formula NH2‐CH2‐COOH. Glycine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. Answer : (b)

The cytoplasm is about 80% water and usually colorless Answer : (c)

Coenzyme is a non-protein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme. Answer : (b)

Galactose is a monosaccharide and has the same chemical formula as glucose, i.e., C6H12O6. It is similar to glucose in its structure, differing only in the position of one hydroxyl group. Answer : (a)

The cellulose content of cotton fiber is 90%, Dried hemp is approximately 57%. Flax fibres are found varying in the range from 64.57 to 75.38 %, Coir contan 28% of cellulose Answer : (a)

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 was awarded jointly to Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins Watson and Crick realized that DNA was made up of two chains of nucleotide pairs that encode the genetic information for all living things. Answer : (b)

The α helix, β strand and sheet, and turn are the most prevalent elements of protein secondary structure, which is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between atoms of the peptide backbone. Answer : (a)

Answer : (a)

Heat denatured protein as it increases the kinetic energy and causes the molecules to vibrate so rapidly and violently that the bonds are disrupted. Proteins are denatured by treatment with alkaline or acid, oxidizing or reducing agents, and certain organic solvents. Answer : (c)

Glycogen is a polymer of glucose. Answer : (b)

ligase: This enzyme catalyzes reaction between two molecules A and B that are combining to form complex between the two to give AB. It is important to note that ligase in energy dependent enzyme, i.e. it requires ATP. A polymerase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. Answer : (a)

Plants get carbon dioxide from the atmosphere which is released by animals and burning of fuels. Answer : (a)

A ribozyme is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction. The ribozyme catalyses specific reactions in a similar way to that of protein enzymes. Answer : (d)

Except certain proteins all the substances are transported across the membrane by the process of diffusion During active transport, ATP is required to move a substance across a membrane, often with the help of protein carriers, and usually against its concentration gradient Answer : (c)

A deoxyribonucleotide is a nucleotide that contains deoxyribose. They are the monomeric units of the informational biopolymer, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Answer : (d)

Lysine has two amine groups, which makes it overall basic because of the second isolated amine group (−(CH2)4NH2). Answer : (d)

Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds inside their fatty acid chains. The two carbons on the hydrocarbon molecules each have triple or double bonds, and hydrogens cannot saturate them. This makes the entire molecular structure weaker, so the substance stays liquid at room temperature. Linoleic acid is a doubly unsaturated fatty acid. Palmitic Acid, Stearic acid, Arachidic acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid. Answer : (d)

A ribozyme is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) enzyme that catalyzes a chemical reaction. The ribozyme catalyses specific reactions in a similar way to that of protein enzymes. Answer : (a)

Chemically, enzymes are generally globular proteins. (Some RNA molecules called ribozymes can also be enzymes.) So Option 'b' statement is NOT correct Answer : (b)

Answer : (b)

The binding energy is maximized since only the correct substrate can interact with an enzyme and is released when the enzyme facilitates formation of the transition state. Answer : (b)

Liver glycogen stores serve as a store of glucose for use throughout the body, particularly the central nervous system. Answer : (c)

Maltose is hydrolyzed by the enzyme maltase to produce two molecules of d-glucose. Answer : (b)

Monosaccharides are glucose, galactose, ribose, and glyceraldehyde. Disaccharides are Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose Trisaccharide are Nigerotriose, Maltotriose, Melezitose, Maltotriulose, Raffinose, Kestose Polysaccharides are Starch,Cellulose, Glycogen Answer : (d)

The dry weight is an estimate of a body or of a body samples weight when all water has been removed, means the weight of the sample, excluding the weight of the water in the sample. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen together constitute about 94% of the total dry weight of the plant. Answer : (b)

nucleic acids are found in all life forms including within bacteria, archaea, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and viruses Nucleic acids, macromolecules made out of units called nucleotides, come in two naturally occurring varieties: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material found in living organisms, Ribosome is composed of nucleic acids Answer : (d)

Glutelins and globulin are Storage proteins deposited into protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) Answer : (d)

The linear sequence of amino acids within a protein is considered the primary structure of the protein. Amino acids in proteins (or polypeptides) are joined together by peptide bonds. Answer : (b)

Haematin a bluish-black compound derived from haemoglobin by removal of the protein part and oxidation of the iron atom. Myosins are a superfamily of motor proteins. Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments Albumin, a type of protein that is soluble in water. Answer : (d)