Answer : (a)

Ten molecules of enzyme will convert 20 of substarte into products in 5 minutes Thus at the end on 10 mimutes only product and enzyme will be test tube Answer : (c)

Simple proteins are made up of amino acid subunits joined together by peptide bonds. When hydrolyzed by enzymes, simple proteins yield only the amino acids from which they are comprised of simple proteins include albumins, globulins, glutelins and albuminoids Nucleoprotein a complex consisting of a nucleic acid bonded to a protein. Lipoproteins are macromolecular complexes of lipids and proteins Glycoproteins are proteins which contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to amino acid side-chains. Answer : (a)

Answer : (a)

The pyrimidine bases are thymine , cytosine and uracil adenine and thymine, are purine Answer : (d)

Keratin is one of a family of fibrous structural proteins known as scleroproteins. It is the key structural material making up hair, nails, feathers, horns, claws, hooves, calluses, and the outer layer of skin among vertebrates. Answer : (b)

Apoenzyme is the proteinaceous part of an enzyme. The apoenzyme plus non- protein aceous part is called holoenzyme. Co-enzyme is a non- protein compound that is necessary for the function of an enzyme.Prosthetic group is a non- protein group, forming a part of or combined with a protein. Answer : (a)

ATP is a nucleotide consisting of an adenine base attached to a ribose sugar, which is attached to three phosphate groups. Answer : (a)

Answer : (c)

Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase: malonate binds to the active site of the enzyme without reacting, and so competes with succinate, the usual substrate of the enzyme. Answer : (a)

Answer : (d)

Monosaccharides are glucose, galactose, ribose, and glyceraldehyde. Disaccharides are Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose Trisaccharide are Nigerotriose, Maltotriose, Melezitose, Maltotriulose, Raffinose, Kestose Polysaccharides are Starch,Cellulose, Glycogen Answer : (d)

Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres. Answer : (c)

When the inhibitor closely resembles the substrate in its molecular structure and inhibits the activity of the enzyme, it is known as competitive inhibitor Answer : (b)

Protein fibres like wool and silk, even nylon have ─NH2 and ─COOH groups on either sides of polymer chain. Direct dyes can react with ─NH2 groups of fibre to form ionic bonds. Answer : (d)

ATP was first discovered by the German chemist Karl Lohmann Answer : (b)

Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and even death if untreated Saline is also used in I.V. therapy, intravenously supplying extra water to rehydrate people or supplying the daily water and salt needs Answer : (b)

The rules of base pairing (or nucleotide pairing) are: A with T: the purine adenine (A) always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine (T) C with G: the pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with the purine guanine (G) Answer : (c)

ω-3 fatty acid: α-Linolenic acid ω-6 fatty acid: Linoleic acid ω-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid , docosahexaenoic acid o ω-6 fatty acids: gamma-linolenic acid , dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid Answer : (b)

Answer:(a)

Starch is a polymer of glucose, a polysaccharide comprising glucose monomers joined in α 1,4 linkages. The simplest form of starch is the linear polymer amylose; amylopectin is the branched form. Answer : (a)

With one anomeric carbon unable to convert to the open-chain form, only the free anomeric carbon is available to reduce another compound, and it is called the reducing end of the disaccharide. A nonreducing disaccharide is that which has both anomeric carbons tied up in the glycosidic bond. Amylose is a polysaccharide made of α-D-glucose units, bonded to each other through α(1→4) glycosidic bonds. It is one of the two components of starch, One end of the amylose has free OH group so it is known as reducing end while the OH group on the other end forms the glycosidic bond so it is known as the non-reducing end. Answer : (c)

Potassium is the major intracellular cation. It helps establish the resting membrane potential in neurons and muscle fibers after membrane depolarization and action potentials. Answer : (b)

Cellulose is made of repeat units of the monomer glucose. Cellulose is built out of a sugar monomer, it is called a polysaccharide. Answer : (d)

cytoplasm in plant cells, is composed of about 80 percent water and also contains dissolved salts, fatty acids, sugars, amino acids, and proteins such as enzymes. Answer : (b)

Energy released by high energy phosphate reaction are as follows ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi; ΔG = -30.5 [kJ/mole] ADP + H2O→ AMP + Pi ; ΔG =-30.5 [kJ/mole] ATP + H2O→ AMP + PPi; ΔG =-40.6[kJ/mole] PPi+ H2O → 2Pi ; ΔG =-31.8[kJ/mole] Answer : (d)

A glycosidic bond or glycosidic linkage is a type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate Answer : (c)

The strands of a DNA double helix are said to be "antiparallel" because they have the same chemical structure, but are opposite in direction. The direction of a DNA strand is also known as "polarity". Answer : (c)

Chief energy food of cell is Carbohydrates Answer : (c)

Answer : (d)

Plants obtain zinc as Zn2+ ions. It activates various enzymes, especially carboxylases. It is also needed in the synthesis of auxin. Answer : (b)

Inulins are a group of naturally occurring polysaccharides produced by many types of plants, industrially most often extracted from chicory. Answer : (b)

Fatty acid = Palmitic acid Phospholipid = Lecithin Aromatic amino acid = Tryptophan essential amino acid that serves several important purposes, like nitrogen balance in adults and growth in infants. Acidic amino acid =Glutamic acid is an α-amino acid Answer : (b)

There are four nitrogenous bases in DNA, two purines (adenine and guanine) and two pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine) Answer : (c)

A triglyceride is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids (from tri- and glyceride). a = 2 Galactose is a monosaccharide. When combined with glucose (monosaccharide), through a condensation reaction, the result is the disaccharide lactose. b = 1 RNA = Uracil ; c - 4 The β-sheet (also β-pleated sheet) is a common motif of regular secondary structure in proteins. d - 5, Beeswax main constituents are palmitate, palmitoleate, and oleate esters e - 3 Answer : (d)

Chemical formula of Paraffin wax is : CnH2n+2 n = 20 to 40 Answer : (c)

Answer : (a)

Phosphorus is constituent of Nucleotide Answer : (d)

Answer : (d)

Trypsin has an optimal pH range of 7.5–8.5; it cleaves predominantly at the carboxyl termini of arginine and lysine residues. Answer : (c)

The 5-carbon sugars ribose important components of nucleotides found in RNA . ATP is composed of ribose, a five-carbon sugar, three phosphate groups, and adenine , a nitrogen-containing compound (also known as a nitrogenous base) Answer : (a)

vitamin is an essential component of two major coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Answer : (d)

Muscle contraction: Calcium remains in the sarcoplasmic reticulum until released by a stimulus. Calcium then binds to troponin, causing the troponin to change shape and remove the tropomyosin from the binding sites. Cross-bridge cling continues until the calcium ions and ATP are no longer available. Clotting also requires: calcium ions (Ca2+) Calcium as a nutrient is most commonly associated with the formation and metabolism of bone. Answer : (d)

Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid Answer : (c)

Arthur Kornberg (March 3, 1918 – October 26, 2007) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 for his discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)" together with Dr. Severo Ochoa of New York University. Answer : (d)

Rennin, helicase and hyaluronidase, all are examples of enzymes. Lysine and glycine are amino acids whereas thiamine is a pyrimidine nitrogenous base. Myosin is a protein involved in locomotion. Oxytocin is a hormone of posterior pituitary gland and gastric is a digestive enzyme of gastric gland. Optic is a sensory nerve, occulomotor is a motor nerve and vagus is a mixed nerve. Answer : (c)

secretory products leave the protoplast and accumulate in the periplasmic space, from which they then pass through the cell wall and out of the plant cell. Pectin, any of a group of water-soluble carbohydrate substances that are found in the cell walls and intercellular tissues of certain plants. Pectin is Secretory product Answer : (d)

Lactose is composed of glucose and galactose Answer : (c)

A triose is a monosaccharide with three carbon atoms Two naturally occurring trioses are glyceraldehyde ( aldotriose) and dihydroxyacetone ( ketotriose). Answer : (d)

Chylomicrons also known as ultra low-density lipoproteins (ULDL), are lipoprotein particles that consist of triglycerides (85–92%), phospholipids (6–12%), cholesterol (1–3%), and proteins (1–2%) VLDL contains the highest amount of triglycerides. Answer : (a)