Answer : (a)

Answer : (a)

Answer : (a)

Answer : (d)

Answer : (c)

Persistent Nucellus is called Perisperm Perisperm is the persistent nucellus in seed of Black pepper and beet. Nucellus is the central tissue of ovules that contains the embryo sac. In some seeds like black pepper, it presists after the double fertilization. Answer : (a)

Answer : (c)

Answer : (c)

Apple and pears is a pome. It is a false fruit as it surrounded by fleshy and edible thalamus. Answer : (b)

The stamens and pistils usually occur in thesame flower. These are essential whorls. The calyx and the corolla are referred to as the non-essential whorls. When non-essential are absent, the flower is called achlamydeous. For example, flowers of willow. Answer : (d)

Answer : (a)

Maximum growth takes place during exponential or log phase. Answer : (c)

Answer : (d)

Answer : (a)

A fibrous root system is the opposite of a taproot system. It is usually formed by thin, moderately branching roots growing from the stem. A fibrous root system is universal in monocotyledonous plants and ferns. Answer : (c)

In the censer mechanism, the seeds are discharged through small openings on the fruits. The outlets are so narrow that only a few seeds can escape at a time. Thus, in Argemoru Mexicana and the poppies of Papaveraceae, after the apertures are opened by porous dehiscence, as the capsule swings in the air, the minute seeds are dispersed through the pores. Answer : (c)

Sweet potato is homologous to turnip as both are having same origin i.e., both are root but modified for different functions. Sweet potato is a modified root for storage and vegetative propagation while turnip is modified for storage only Answer : (c)

Cauliflory is a botanical term referring to plants that flower and fruit from their main stems or woody trunks rather than from new growth and shoots. Answer : (b)

Endospermic seeds are those which seed enosperm is located outside of cotyledons and cotyledons are tiny or leafy, ex: castor bean seeds Castor retains a part of endosperm as it is not completely used up during embryo development, hence it is known as Albuminous seed. Groundnut do not have residual endosperm as it is completely consumed during embryo development, hence it is known as Exalbuminous seed. Answer : (b)

Prop roots are adventitious in nature, and are also called as Pillar roots. Definition of adventitious root: a root that arises from any point other than the radicle or the root axis (as the prop roots of corn arising from the lower stem) Answer : (c)

A fruit, which develops from a condensed inflorescence, is called as composite fruit. A composite fruit is a type of fruit that develops from an inflorescence rather than from a single flower while custard apple fruit develops from a polycarpellary and apocarpous ovary. Answer : (c)

In cymose inflorescence the-main axis is terminated by development of a flower. Lateral axes, one or more bearing younger flowers, originate from below the terminal one. The arrangement is basipetal, i.e. oldest one at the tip and the younger ones away from it. Thus the mode of opening of flowers here is centrifugal (from centre towards circumference). Answer : (a)

Answer : (c)

Fusiform structure means spindle-shaped structure. Fusiform roots are found in Raphanus sativus, because the food product by the plant is stored in the root turning it into a spindle-shaped structure. Answer : (d)

False fruit is a fruit such as the apple, strawberry, or pineapple, that contains, in addition to a mature ovary and seeds, a significant amount of other tissue Answer : (c)

Bracteoles are small scale like structure present on the pedicel Epicalyx- Whorl of bracteoles present below the calyx or outside the calyx constitute epicalyx, e.g., Hibiscus rosasinensis (China rose) Answer : (d)

a) Buds are present in the axils of petiole of simple and compound leaves. However, buds are absent in the axils of leaflets of the compound leaf. b) Pulvinus is the swollen structure present at the leaf base. It is seen in leguminous plants. It helps in protection. c) In Alstonia, the petioles are not modified into green phyllodes. Phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on the stem. There are three types of phyllotaxy, namely opposite, alternate and whorled. d) Opposite phyllotaxy is seen in guava. Thus, the correct answer is 'b and d.' Answer : (a)

Sterile, neuter or gall flowers occur in between the two groups. The inflorescence is formed by the condensation of three types of flower- bearing axes (cymose groups). Hypanthodium is found in the genus Ficus of the family Moraceae, e.g., Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Banyan (Ficus bengalensis), and Fig (Ficus carica).a - ii A cyathium (plural: cyathia) is one of the specialised pseudanthia ("false flowers") forming the inflorescence of plants in the genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae). A cyathium consists of: Five (rarely four) bracteoles. These are small, united bracts, which form a cup-like involucre. b- iii The spadix emerges from a vase-shaped or funnel-like modified leaf or spathe which is often brightly colored. The spadix of some arums emits a putrid odor that attracts carrion flies for pollination. c - v Lemma is a phytomorphological term referring to a part of the spikelet.d - 1 Answer : (b)

Geocarpy refers to the ripening of fruits underground, In the case of ground nut, the young fruits are pushed into the soil as a result of post-fertilisation curvature of the stalk. Answer : (d)

Fibrous roots form a network of roots near the surface of the soil where they absorb minerals and water. They also hold several soil particles together and thus help to prevent or reduce soil erosion. Taproots form a very strong anchor in the ground since they can grow very deep, Answer : (c)

Endospermic seeds are those which seed enosperm is located outside of cotyledons and cotyledons are tiny or leafy Monocotyledon endospermic seed - Zea mays, Barley, Rice, Wheat. Dicotyledonous endospermic seed. - Castor(Ricinus communis), Cotton, Coffee. pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Traveller's tree (Ravenala madagascariensis) Answer : (c)

Root cap is generally absent in aquatic plants, that is hydrophytes. Root cap protects the growing tip of roots from the soil. In hydrophytes, roots are either absent or poorly developed. Note that Tomato is a true berry which develops from a superior ovary with just ovary involved information of the fruit. It is thus a eucarp (true fruit ) Answer : (a)

In free central placentation, the ovules develop on the central axis while the septa are absent. Answer : (b)

Aggregate fruits are special because they form from multiple ovaries in the same flower. The result is tiny fruitlets fused together around a receptacle to form an entire fruit. Fragaria (Strawberry), Ailanthus, Calotropis (Ak), Annona squamosa (Custard apple), Rubus sp. (Blackberry) are examples of aggregate fruit. Answer : (b)

Answer : (a)

Bitegmic seeds form a testa from the outer integument and a tegmen from the inner integument while unitegmic seeds have only one integument. Answer : (c)

Pneumatophores are specialized root structures that grow out from the water surface and facilitate the aeration necessary for root respiration in hydrophytic trees such as many mangrove species Answer : (a)

Rhizome is a thickened, underground, dorsiventral stem that grows horizontally at a particular depth within the soil. Ginger is a rhizome. It can be distinguished from the modified root by the presence of nodes, internodes, terminal buds, auxillary buds and scale leaves. Answer : (d)

Replum is present in the ovary of flower of mustard. A false septun called replum develops between the two parietal placentae in mustard and other members of family Brassicaceae. The ovary becomes bilocular. Answer : (b)

Answer : (c)

Thalamus or the receptacle is the end of the pedicel or peduncle at which the floral organs are borne. The shape of the thalamus varies with respect to the position of the ovary. In hypogynous flowers, the ovary is superior and the thalamus is convex or swollen or dome-shaped. A. Convex thalamus is seen in hypogynous flowers. B. Concave thalamus is seen in perigynous flowers. C. Flat and cup-shaped thalamus is seen in epigynous flowers. Answer : (a)

When leaflets are directly associated with the rachis, it is unipinnate type. It is of two types- (a)Paripinnate: Rachis terminated by even number of leaflets. e.g., tamarind, ashoka (b) Imparipinnate: Rachis terminated by odd number of leaflets. e.g. rose, clitoria Tamaind is paripinnate Answer : (c)

Mode of arrangement of sepals or petals with respect to one another in the floral bud is termed as aestivation. (a) Valvate aestivation: sepals or petals just touch without any overlapping, e.g., Brassica (b) Twisted aestivation: It is a regular overlap pattern. (c) Vexillary aestivation : When the standard petal is large and overlaps the two wing petals which in turn overlap the keel petals. e.g., pea, bean. (d) Imbricate aestivation: Where one is exterior, one is interior and rest three are having one margin exterior and other interior. There is irregular overlapping. Answer : (b)

Cauliflower is one of several vegetables in the species Brassica oleracea in the genus Brassica, which is in the family Brassicaceae. Botanical name is Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Answer : (c)

Petiole is the stalk of the leaf, that connects the lamina with the stem and is generally cylindrical, being terete or grooved. Petiole performs the function of leaf by modifying into leaf like structure called phyllode. Answer : (a)

Samara: It is an achene type of dry single-seeded indehiscent fruit having papery wing-like structures surrounding it. It helps in seed dispersal. A cypsela is a dry indehiscent fruit having hair like projections called pappus which help in its dispersal by air. A nut is an indehiscent fruit with hard, woody or leathery pericarp enclosing the seed. Athens is a place and not a fruit. Answer : (b)

abscisic acid (ABA) is the only hormone known to induce and maintain seed dormancy Gibberellins (GAs) break seed dormancy and promote germination. Answer : (c)

Functions of veins are as follows: 1. Conduction of water through xylem 2. Providing channels for translocation of organic nutrients. 3. Conduction of minerals. 4. By their large number, the veins and veinlets provide skeletal support to the lamina so that it can remain stretched for its optimum functioning. 5. Veins and veinlets reduce the effect of wilting. Answer : (d)

Outer protective covering of seed is called seed coat which develops from integuments of ovules. The seeds developing from bitegmic ovule have two layers. The outer layer is called testa and inner layer or tegmen develops from inner integuments. Answer : (c)

The stamens and the style and stigma of carpel fused to form a unit called gynostegium. Syngnesious is the condition of androecium when the anthers are fused but the filaments are free. In synandrous condition, the stamens are united along their length. Answer : (a)