The stem modification that has enlarged fleshy leaves emerging from the stem or surrounding the base of the stem is called a bulb Leaves are attached to the 'stem' at nodes and spaces between nodes are called internodes. The presence of nodes and internodes means that the bulb is actually a modified stem. The Tunic : The papery outer covering which prevents the scales from drying out The shoot: Developing flower and leaf buds are stored inside the bulb for protection Roots: The roots come out of the basal plate. Basal plate: This compressed stem connects the flower, scales and roots. Scales: Thick, fleshy, modified leaves which stores food and nutrients. Answer : (b)

The scutellum is a shield-shaped structure surrounding the embryo axis in Maize/Sorghum. Answer : (a)

Answer : (b)

Pneumatophores, commonly found in mangrove species (halophyte) that grow in saline mud flats, are lateral roots that grow upward out of the mud and water to function as the site of oxygen intake for the submerged primary root system. Answer : (c)

Parthenocarpy, development of fruit without fertilization. Apogamy definition is - development of a sporophyte from a gametophyte without fertilization. Apospory is the development of 2n gametophytes, without meiosis and spores, from vegetative, or nonreproductive, cells of the sporophyte. Syngenesis definition is sexual reproduction. Answer : (d)

The term monadelphous stamens mean that the stamens of the flower have their filaments (stalks) joined to form a tube like Hibiscus When the anthers are single chambered, they are termed as Monothecous like in Hibiscus. Contorted or twisted corolla: When overlapping is regular in one direction so that one margin overlaps the next member on one side while its other margin is overlapped by the one before, giving a twisted appearance to the bud. Answer : (c)

Cuscuta belongs to Morning-glories family and is of Dicot group Cuscuta seedlings emerge with thread-shaped hypocotyls, and having no roots and cotyledons Answer : (a)

Castor-oil seed is dicotyledonous (having two cotyledons), endospermic (with a special food storing tissue called endosperm) and perispermic (having perisperm or persistent nucellus). Answer : (a)

Dianthus is an annual flowering herb has a free central placentation as ovules are borne on the central axis as the septum is absent Answer : (d)

Fasciculated roots are the modification of adventitious roots. They arise from the base of the stem and become clusteredn are present in Dahlia Option (a) correct match Monstera the plant roots both into the soil and over trees, it is considered a hemiepiphyte.Option (b) is NOT correct match. Basil plants have fibrous roots. Option (c) is NOT correct match. Azadirachta (Neem) deep tap root and extensive lateral roots. Option (d) is NOT correct match. Answer : (a)

Drosera, commonly known as the sundews, is one of the largest genera of carnivorous plants, Answer : (c)

Tetradynamous condition has Six stamens, two short in outer whorl and four long in inner whorl, Cruciferae are tetradynamous Answer : (c)

Answer : (c)

Septifragal capsule · Definition Referring to a type of fruit dehiscence in which the valves break away from the septa. Fruit of Datura is Septifragal capsule Answer : (b)

Monocarpic plants are those that flower, set seeds and then die. Answer : (c)

Schizocarpic fruit one- seeded parts of the fruit are dehiscent (characterized by splitting or bursting open.) Schizocarpic fruit the fruit on ripening divides into one-seeded segments or mericarp; but the mericarps remain un-ruptured Answer : (d)

Root hairs are formed only in the zone of differentiation. Statement "a" is NOT correct Sonneratia species grow in oxygen-poor sediments. The cone roots have numerous lenticels that enable gas exchange directly above the surface. Statement "b" is correct Adventitious roots modified for aerial support is called as prop roots. . are found in banyan trees,Statement "c" is correct. Maize and sugarcane show the presence of stilt roots. Statement "d" is not correct Answer : (d)

Xanthium seed is covered with stiff, hooked spines, which stick to fur and clothing and can be quite difficult to detach. These burs are carried long distances from the parent plant during seed dispersal by help of animals Answer : (a)

Edible part of Ginger is Rhizome Answer : (b)

Epipetalous stamen is a stamen that is borne over a petal instead of being inserted directly over the thalamus. found in Solanaceae family. Syngenesious stamen are those stamens whose anthers are united together into a tube and its filaments are free. This condition of syngenesious stamen is usually found in the asteraceae family. Answer : (d)

stipules a small leaflike appendage to a leaf, typically borne in pairs at the base of the leaf stalk. A stipule is "ochreate" if a single stipule appears to be a solid tube that goes all the way around the stem. Answer : (b)

Epiphytes differ from parasites in that they grow on other plants for physical support and do not necessarily affect the host negatively. Epiphytes are usually found in the temperate zone (e.g., many mosses, liverworts, lichens, and algae) Answer : (a)

diadelphous having its stamens fused together at least partly by the filaments so that they form two separate bundles, or a bundle and a lone separate stamen. Fabaceae Androecium Stamens 10 or rarely nine (Abrus, Dalbergia), diadelphous or monadelphous (Crotalaria), posterior stamen is free and filaments of nine are fused to form a sheath around the ovary; in Arachis ten stamens are monadelphous and in Sophora all ten stamens are Answer : (b)

The asymmetric flower, lacking any plane of symmetry, is rare among angiosperms. Canna indica L. has conspicuously asymmetric flowers resulting from the presence of a half-fertile stamen, while the other androecial members develop as petaloid staminodes or abort early during development. Other examples: Valeriana officinalis Answer : (d)

Answer : (a)

The potato is a stem because it has many nodes called eyes with spaces between eyes known as internodes. Potato tubers develop at the end of swollen underground stem structures, rhizomes Answer : (a)

Parietal placentation A type of placentation found in compound, unilocular ovaries in which the ovules arise from placentae inserted on the wall of the locule near the sutures. found in Brassica campesteris A cross-section of the ovary reveals two carpels. You can see a partition that separates the two carpels (indicated with an arrow). This partition is called a replum and is actually an extension of the placenta. You can also see two developing seeds within this ovary. Answer : (b)

When two similar lowermost petals which are more or less joined together form a keel. Found in legume family Fabaceae flowers Answer : (c)

Hypanthodium is a special types of inflorescence. hypanthium or floral cup is a structure where basal portions of the calyx, the corolla, and the stamens form a cup-shaped tube.. Answer : (c)

Flowers are produced singly on stalks arising from the center of the floating rosette of leaves. Each flower is bisexual, bearing a two chambered ovary, four stamens and four white petals. Four triangular sepals surround the flower and develop into barbed spines in the mature fruit. Answer : (b)

Answer : (b)

The fleshy interior of Hesperidium is composed of separate sections, called carpels, filled with fluid-filled vesicles that are specialized hair cells. Answer : (c)

Answer : (b)

Aquatic plants are plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater). They are also referred to as hydrophytes. Hydrilla and Vallisneria are angiospermic hydrophyte Ziziphus is a genus of about 40 species of spiny shrubs and small trees in the buckthorn family. Answer : (d)

is the scientific name of jackfruit which is a sorosis in which bracts and perianth become fleshy and are edible. Answer : (d)

tetradynamous: having six stamens four of which are longer than the others , Cruciferae are tetradynamous. Answer : (d)

General Characters of Malvaceae: Flowers—regular, bisexual , hypogynous, often showy, cyclic. Sepals—5, more or less united, often subtended by an epicalyx (excepting Sida, Abutilon, etc.), valvate. Petals—5, free from one another but adnate at the base to the staminal tube, twisted. Asteraceae flowers are bi- or unisexual. Answer : (c)

The genus Arceuthobium is a member of the plant family Viscaceae and is a clearly defined group of small (generally less than 20 cm high), variously coloured flowering plants that are aerial parasites on conifers of the families Pinaceae and Cupressaceae. Answer : (a)

parenchymatous consisting of or relating to the cellular tissue making up the softer parts of leaves, pulp of fruits, bark and pith of stems, etc. Parenchymatous cells are found in Pulp of fruit Answer : (a)

Potato is stem Answer : (d)

Schizocarps are fruits in which each carpel of a compound ovary splits apart to form two or more parts, each with a single seed. Schizocarps are found in the carrot family (Apiaceae), coriander/cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) belongs to Apiaceae Answer : (b)

In Utricularia, the leaf is modified into bladder. In Nepenthes, the leaf is modified into pitcher. Hence, it is also called as pitcher plant. Answer : (a)

Sunflower belongs to family Asteraceae Answer : (d)

The thorn is technically a modified, sharp-pointed stem. The spine is technically a modified, sharp-pointed leaf. Since it has a bud in its axil, the spine occurs in the relative position of a leaf. Some spines are called "stipular spines" because they are modified, sharp-pointed stipules at the base of a leaf. Answer : (b)

When two similar lowermost petals which are more or less joined together form a keel. Found in legume family Fabaceae flowers Keel is characteristic of Bean Answer : (a)

Endosperm, tissue that surrounds and nourishes the embryo in the seeds of angiosperms (flowering plants). In some seeds the endosperm is completely absorbed at maturity (e.g., pea and bean), and the fleshy food-storing cotyledons nourish the embryo as it germinates. Answer : (b)

Adventitious roots are plant roots that form from any nonroot tissue and are produced both during normal development and in response to stress conditions, such as flooding, nutrient deprivation, and wounding. The first leaves originate at seed germination from plumule, and the following leaves to appear come from terminal and axillary buds of stems and branches. Answer : (c)

The fruit of Ananas comosus (pineapple or ananas) is sorosis, (a type of multiple fruits), developing from spike, spadix or catkin. In this type, the flowers associate by their succulent tepals, the axis bearing them grows and becomes fleshy or woody, thus, the whole inflorescence turns into a compact fruit. Answer : (a)

Axile : onion, Asparagus, tobacco, chilli, tulip, colchicum Parietal : Mustard Marginal : Gram, arhar, moong, lupin, sunhemp Answer : (b)

Angiosperms are plants that produce flowers and bear their seeds in fruits Answer : (c)