Raceme: a flower cluster with the separate flowers attached by short equal stalks at equal distances along a central stem. The flowers at the base of the central stem develop first. peduncle has bisexual and pedicellate flowers arranged acropetally. It is a type of racemose inflorescence. Example: radish. Answer : (a)

Finely dissected leaves occur in submerged plants. In submerged plants, the leaves are finely dissected till the midrib. This dissection gives a feather-like appearance. Answer : (c)

Parasite obtain their food requirements from other living organsims. Holoparasites or total parasites get water, minerals and organic food from their host.Cuscutta is a total stem parasite. Hemiparasites or partial parasite gets a part of nourishment from host. Viscum is partial stem parasite and santalum is partial root parasite. Answer : (b)

Poaceae or Gramineae is a large family of monocotyledonous flowering plants which are collectively referred to as grasses. It includes cereals, grasses of natural grasslands, bamboos. It is the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize, wheat, barley, millet. Millets are a group of highly variable small seed grasses which is widely grown worldwide as grains for human food and fodder. Answer : (b)

In parietal placentation, the ovary is unilocular and the ovules develop on the inner wall or the peripheral fused margins of the ovary. Answer : (c)

(a) Adnate: filament is fixed to anther in such a way that it runs up the entire length at its backside. (b) Dorsifixed: filament is fixed to dorsal side or back of the anther and anther is immovable. (c) Basifixed: Here the filament is attached to base of anther. (d) Versatile: filament is attached to middle of the connective so that anther lobes can swing on it freely. Answer : (a)

(a) Sorosis: It is mutiple and fleshy fruit develops from spike in pineapple, afemale catskin in mulberry, and a spadix in jackfruit. Jackfruit has a spiny rind. The penduncle and perianth of individual flowers become fleshy. (b) Syconus: It is also a multiple fruit develops from the hypanthodium inflorescence. The fruit is a hollow, cup shaped, fleshy, receptacle enclosing a large number of flowers. example- peepal, banyan and fig. (c) Siliqua: The fruit is developed from bicarpellary, syncarpous and superior ovary that bears ovules on two parietal placenta. example- mustard. (d) Pome: This is false fruit as it surrouned by a fleshy and edible thalamus. It develops from inferior, multicarpellary and syncarpous ovary with axile placentation. example- apple and pears. Answer : (a)

Answer : (a)

The arrangement of sepals or petals in flower is called the aestivation. In the Calotropis, the valvate aestivation is seen in which the sepals or petals do not overlap. Answer : (c)

In Solanaceae, the placenta is swollen and the oblique septum is present. Conniving anthers are the stamens which are not fused but attached. In Solanaceae, the stamens are epipetalous (stamens are attached to the petals but not completely fused). Answer : (d)

In marginal placentation placentation, placenta bearing the ovules in a row develops along the junction of the two margins of folded carpels, inner to ovary wall. This type of marginal placentation is found in most of the members of the family leguminosae. Answer : (c)

Albuminous Seed or Endopermic	Exalbuminous Seed or Non-endopermic
These seeds possess endosperm. Endosperm is not completely used by the developing embryo, so a portion of it remains in seed	These seeds lack endosperm. Endosperm is completely used by the developing embryo before the maturation of seed, so thereis no endosperm left in seed
In such seeds, food is stored mainly in the endosperm	In such seeds, food is stored only in the cotyledons.
Example - Castor, cereal s, grasses	Example - pea, gram, lentil;

Answer : (c)

The mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in floral bud with respect to the other members of the same whorl is known as aestivation. There are following types of Aestivation: Quincuncial: Out of 5 petals of a flower, two are completely internal, two completely external and remaining one is internal at one margin and external at the other margin Valvate: When one member of a whorl present adjacent to other members and just touch one another at the margin without overlapping then it is known as valvate aestivation. Example: Calotropis. Twisted or Contorated: When one margin of a member covers adjacent member and the other margin is covered by another member. Example: China rose (Malvaceae Family). Imbricated: When margin of members overlap one another but not in any particular direction, then it is known as imbricate aestivation. Example: Cassia and Gulmohur. Vexillary: There are five members, the largest (standard) overlaps the two lateral members (wings) which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior members (keel). Example: Pea, Bean (Papilionatae sub-family of leguminosae family). It is also known as Papillionaceous. Answer : (c)

Cruciform corolla occurs when the petals are free, called polypetalous and the petals are diagonally arranged to form a cross. There are four petals in this Corolla. A. Presence of five petals is called pentamerous condition. B. Five free sessile petals are seen in Rosaceous corolla. C. Four diagonally placed clawed petals are seen in cruciform corolla, e.g., Brassica. D. Five medianly and laterally placed clawed petals are seen in Caryophyllaceous corolla The flowers of pea are characterized with the butterfly-shaped corolla having five petals. Aestivation of Pea is called descending imbricate or vexillary aestivation. China rose, ladys finger and cotton, have twisted aestivation Sunflower is not a flower rather a bunch of flowers. In fact, what appears to be a single flower is, in fact, an inflorescence. this type of inflorescence is called capitulum.The following features of sunflower prove that it is not a flower but an inflorescence. i. Receptacle is flattened ii. Many small and sessile florets on the receptacle. . The youngest florets are at centre while the oldest are at the periphery. iv. There are two kinds of florets in sunflower, called as the ray florets and disc florets. Answer : (c)

In the root cap there is no root hair present. In absence of root hairs water absorption is not possible Answer : (b)

Br.	Bracteate	C	Corolla-free(polypetalous)
Brl.	Bracteolate	(C)	Corolla-united (gamopetalous)
Ebr.	Ebracteate	Cx	Corolla-cruciform
Bbrl.	Ebracteolate	P	perianth
♂	Male	A	Androecium-free
♀	Female	(A)	Androecium-united
⚥	Bisexual		Epiphyllous
⊕	Actinomorphic		Epipetalous
† or %	Zygomorphic	G	Gynoecium-free
Ep	Epicalyx	(G)	Gynoecium-united
K	Calyx-free (polysepalous)	G	Superior ovary
(K)	Calyx-united (gamosepalous)	G̅	Inferior ovary
			Gynostagium

Answer : (b)

Gynodioecious plants are having female(pistillate) flowers on one plant and hermaphrodite flowers on another plant of the same species Answer : (a)

Root parasite – a parasite that attaches to the host root. Indian sandalwood (Santalum album) which photosynthesize their own food, but roots are parasites, tap the roots of other species for water and inorganic nutrients. Answer : (b)

The mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in floral bud with respect to the other members of the same whorl is known as aestivation. There are following types of Aestivation: Quincuncial: Out of 5 petals of a flower, two are completely internal, two completely external and remaining one is internal at one margin and external at the other margin Valvate: When one member of a whorl present adjacent to other members and just touch one another at the margin without overlapping then it is known as valvate aestivation. Example: Calotropis. Twisted or Contorated: When one margin of a member covers adjacent member and the other margin is covered by another member. Example: China rose (Malvaceae Family). Imbricated: When margin of members overlap one another but not in any particular direction, then it is known as imbricate aestivation. Example: Cassia and Gulmohur. Vexillary: There are five members, the largest (standard) overlaps the two lateral members (wings) which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior members (keel). Example: Pea, Bean (Papilionatae sub-family of leguminosae family). It is also known as Papillionaceous. Answer : (c)

caryopsis (plural caryopses) is a type of simple dry fruit—one that is monocarpellate (formed from a single carpel) and indehiscent (not opening at maturity) and resembles an achene, except that in a caryopsis the pericarp is fused with the thin seed coat. The caryopsis is popularly called a grain and is the fruit typical of the family Poaceae (or Gramineae), which includes wheat, rice, and corn. The term grain is also used in a more general sense as synonymous with cereal. Answer : (c)

Tripinnate: pinnately compound leaves in which the leaflets are themselves bipinnate; also called "thrice-pinnate". tetrapinnate: pinnately compound leaves in which the leaflets are themselves tripinnate. Moringa have Tripinnate leaves. Answer : (c)

Zygomorphic definition, having bilateral symmetry; divisible lengthwise into similar or symmetrical halves. In epigynous flowers, the hypanthium is fused to the gynoecium, and the free parts of the sepals, petals, and stamens appear to be attached to the top of the gynoecium, as in the apple guava, cucumber Perigynous flower refers to a flower having sepals, petals and stamens around the edge of a cuplike receptacle containing the ovary, as in flowers of the rose In hypogynous flowers, the perianth and stamens are attached to the receptacle below the gynoecium; the ovary is superior to these organs, and the remaining floral organs arise from below the point of origin of the carpel Answer : (d)

Coleorhiza: a sheath protecting the root of a germinating grass or cereal grain. Coleoptile a sheath protecting a young shoot tip in a grass or cereal. Suspensor: a group or chain of cells that is produced from the zygote of a seed plant and serves to push the developing embryo into the endosperm. Epithelium: one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. It is a thin, continuous, protective layer of cells Answer : (a)

Wolffia have a size range of 1–15 mm and characteristic frond (the leaf or leaflike part ) in place of distinct leaves and stems Answer : (b)

Tomato :edible parts are pericarp and placenta Endosperm is the edible part of Maize. Pericarp is the edible part of guava Fleshy pericarp of date palm is edible. Answer : (d)

In a syncarpous gynoecium, the "fused" ovaries of the constituent carpels may be referred to collectively as a single compound ovary. In Cruciferae there is one superior pistil that consists of two carpels that may either sit directly above the base of the stamens or on a stalk. Cruciferae flowers perfect, cruciform (cross- or X-shaped). Sepals 4, free. Petals 4, free, clawed. Stamens 6 with the 2 outer stamens shorter than the 4 inner stamens. Pistil compound, ovary superior, carpels 2. Answer : (b)

Answer : (b)

Bottle gourd has a woody epicarp which makes the ideal surface for resonant musical instruments after hollowing out the pulpy insides of the fruit. It is an amphisarca type of fruit. Snake gourd and bitter gourd are pepo and donot have woody epicarp which can be used to make musical instruments. Answer : (c)

The caruncle, also called elaiosome, is an external structure that covers the micropylar. region in the seed of species belonging to the Euphorbiaceae Family. Answer : (a)

Corm, vertical, fleshy, underground stem that acts as a food-storage structure in certain seed plants. Answer : (d)

In Maize seeds, the layer separating the endosperm from embryo is aleurone layer . Aleurone is a protein found in protein granules of maturing seeds and tubers. Aleurone layer contains hydrolytic enzymes (including amylases and proteases) for the digestion of the food stored in the endosperm. During germination, the aleurone performs an important digestive function, secreting hydrolases to break down the starch and proteins stored in the starchy endosperm cells Answer : (b)

Adventitious roots are plant roots that form from any nonroot tissue and are produced both during normal development (crown roots on cereals and nodal roots on strawberry [Fragaria spp.]) and in response to stress conditions, such as flooding, nutrient deprivation, and wounding. Answer : (c)

Helianthus annuus, the common sunflower, is a large annual forb of the genus Helianthus grown as a crop for its edible oil and edible fruits Answer : (a)

Answer : (a)

In angiosperms, the receptacle or torus (an older term is thalamus, as in Thalamiflorae) is the thickened part of a stem (pedicel) from which the flower organs grow. Answer : (a)

Botanically, a tomato is a fruit—a berry, consisting of the ovary, together with its seeds, of a flowering plant. a - t, A silique or siliqua is a type of fruit (seed capsule) having two fused . Siliques are present in many members of the mustard family b - r, Sorosis is a fleshy multiple fruit, derived from the ovaries of several flowers. In Jackfruit, multiple flowers form one fruit other examples are pineapple or mulberry, c - q, Syconus fruit a type of composite fruit formed from a hollow fleshy inflorescence stalk inside which tiny flowers develop. A syconium is the type of inflorescence borne by figs genus Ficus d - p Answer : (a)

Plants that contribute to nitrogen fixation include the legume family – Fabaceae – with taxa such as kudzu, clovers, soybeans, alfalfa, lupines, peanuts, and rooibos. Answer : (a)

Mango, Almond and Coconut are all drupes. Drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin, and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the pit, stone, or pyrene) of hardened endocarp with a seed (kernel) inside. Answer : (d)

Colocasia are herbaceous perennial plants with a large corm on or just below the ground surface. Answer : (a)

In India, Parthenium is locally known as congress grass or gajar ghans. It belongs to family Asteraceae. Nicotiana is a genus belonging to family Solanaceae. Answer : (c)

velamen is an outer layer of empty cells in the aerial roots of epiphytic orchids and aroids. These cells provide support, prevent water loss, and assist the plant in absorbing moisture from fog or humid air. Answer : (a)

The corolla of family papilionaceae consists of 5 petals (unequal), the uppermost and the largest petal is known as standard or vexillum; the two free lateral petals are known as wings or alae; the anterior pair of united petals is termed keel or carnia, this encloses stamens and pistil. Hence, the correct arrangement of the corolla is 1+2+(2). Answer : (b)

Cuscuta spp represent a unique group of holoparasitic dicotyledonous plants which can infect nearly all dicotyledonous species. Lacking roots and leaves, these parasitic plants are completely dependent on nutrients, carbohydrates and water from host plants. Answer : (b)

The term "pitcher plant" generally refers to members of the Nepenthaceae and Sarraceniaceae families Answer : (c)

Answer : (b)

Compound Corymb (Corymb of Corymbs), e.g., Pyrus, Cauliflower, Candytuft. In Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea vern. hotrytis, vern. Gobhi), the flowers remain undeveloped. Answer : (d)

Answer : (b)

The axillary bud (or lateral bud) is an embryonic or organogenic shoot located in the axil of a leaf. Each bud has the potential to form shoots, and may be specialized in producing either vegetative shoots (stems and branches) or reproductive shoots (flowers). Answer : (c)

The scutellum is a modified cotyledon, or seed leaf. Answer : (a)

An inferior ovary lies below the attachment of other floral parts. Flowers with inferior ovaries are termed epigynous. Some examples of flowers with an inferior ovary are orchids (inferior capsule), Fuchsia (inferior berry), banana (inferior berry), Asteraceae or Compositae (inferior achene-like fruit, called a cypsela) and the pepo of the squash, melon and gourd family, Cucurbitaceae. Answer : (b)