Asteraceae ovary is inferior and has only one ovule, with basal placentation. Statement (c), (d) is NOT correct Answer : (d)

In epigynous flowers, the margin of thalamus grows upward enclosing the ovary completely and getting fused with it, the other parts of flower arise above the ovary. Hence, the ovary is said to be inferior as in flowers of guava and cucumber, and the ray florets of sunflower. Answer : (c)

Crotalaria juncea (Sunnhemp) and Alhagi camelorum are among the plants which are used as green manures in India. These green manures help the soil through increasement of area and water holding capacity and fertility. Answer : (a)

Sunflower (Helianthus) belongs to family asteraceae of dicotyledons. A dicot embryo has an embryonal axis and 2 cotyledons attached to it laterally. Answer : (b)

Ipomoea batatas (Sweet potato) is an underground root tuber are eaten as food Answer : (d)

The flowers of Asteraceae are not hypogynous. In hypogynous flowers, the perianth and stamens are attached to the receptacle below the gynoecium, the ovary is superior to these organs and the remaining floral organs arise from below the point of origin of the carpel. Option b is NOT characteristic, Hence wrong statement Answer : (b)

Phyllotaxy is the arrangement of the leaves on the stem. Tristichous phyllotaxy is also called as 1/3 phyllotaxy. In this, the first, fourth, seventh leaf bases falls on the same plane; the second, fifth, eighth leaf bases on the same plane and third, sixth and nineth on the same plane one above the other. In this, angle of divergence is 120 Answer : (d)

The coleorhiza, coleorrhiza or root sheath is a layer of tissue that surrounds the root in the seed a - 1, Endosperm: It is a tissue produced inside the seeds of most flowering plants around the time of fertilization. It surrounds the embryo and provides nutrition in the form of starch, though it can also contain oils and protein. b - 5, Parthenocarpy: Development of fruit without fertilization. The fruit resembles a normally produced fruit but is seedless. Varieties of the pineapple, banana, cucumber, grape, orange, grapefruit, persimmon and breadfruit exemplify naturally occurring parthenocarpy.c - 1, Mango: Single seeded fruit developed from monocarpellary superior ovary. d - 2, Membraneous seed coat: is found in maize.e - 3 Answer : (b)

In pea flower, the aestivation in corolla is known as vexillary In peas, there are five petals. The largest one (standard) overlaps the two lateral petals (wings) which in turn overlap the two smallest anterior petals (keel). Answer : (d)

Phylloclade is the modification of stem in plants for carrying out photosynthesis, as well as for structural support and survival. Answer : (d)

Micropyle is a narrow pore or passage formed by the projection of the integuments through which the pollen tube enters into ovule. Seeds contain micropyle through which water enters into the seed during germination. Answer : (c)

Safron is vivid crimson stigma and styles, called threads, are collected and dried for use mainly as a seasoning and colouring agent in food. Answer : (b)

The fruits of Clematis and Naravelia possess persistent hairy styles, which help in floating in the air. Answer : (b)

Epiphytes differ from parasites in that they grow on other plants for physical support and do not necessarily affect the host negatively Answer : (c)

Rhizophora is a genus of tropical mangrove trees, Rhizophora is true vivipary, a seed germinates inside the fruit and pushes through the fruit wall before the fruit is released. Answer : (b)

Apocarpous condition arises when the number of carpels is two or more and they are free from each other. e.g., Clematis, Michelia (Magnoliaceae), Aconitum, Ranunculus (Buttercup), etc. Answer : (d)

In Opuntia the stem is modified into a flattened green structure, Phylloclade, to perform the function of leaves (i.e., photosynthesis). Answer : (b)

Parietal placentation is found in Brassicaceae family ( mustard, raddish and papaya) while Axial placentation is found in plants of familySolanaceae Answer : (a)

The members of Asteraceae produce a type of fruit called an achene, which is dry and single-seeded and does not open at maturity. The apparent seeds of the sunflower, for example, are actually achenes. The hull is the achenial wall, and the actual seed coat surrounding the embryo is a thin, papery layer. Cypsela is a dry single-seeded fruit formed from a double ovary of which only one develops into a seed, as in the daisy family. Answer : (d)

Answer : (b)

The fruit in candytuft is a dry dehiscent type of fruit which shows the presence of a false septum known as replum. The fruit is as long as it is wide and it is called silicula. Capsule and follicle are dry dehiscent fruits but don't have replum whereas lomentum is a schizocarpic fruit. Answer : (c)

Coriander consists of dried ripe fruits of Coriandrum sativum Linn. The fruit is a cremocarp, subspherical in shape, Yellowish-brown in colour. Cremocarp a dry fruit that is a type of schizocarp formed from two one-seeded carpels. The carpels remain separate and form indehiscent mericarps that are attached to a central supporting strand (carpophore) for some time before dispersal. Answer : (d)

In Vanilla, single tendril like root arise at each node. Answer : (a)

In monadelphous condition, the filaments are united to form a single bundle while their anthers are free. In synandrous condition, the stamens are united in their whole length. In syngenesious condition, the anthers are fused with each other but the filaments are free. In epipetalous condition, the stamens are fused with petals. Diadelphous of stamens united by their filaments so as to form two groups. polyadelphous stamens, united by the anthers into three or more groups — compare diadelphous, monadelphous. Answer : (c)

Flower of Fabaceae is typically pentamerous flowers, usually with a single, unicarpellous pistil with marginal placentation, zygomorphic have petals, sepals, stamens or pistils or complete flower Answer : (a)

Rhizomes are horizontal, usually subterranean shoots with scale leaves and adventitious roots on the underside. Answer : (a)

Answer : (a)

Answer : (a)

Answer : (d)

Phyllotaxis or phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on a plant stem Answer : (a)

Syconus is a type of composite fruit formed from a hollow fleshy inflorescence stalk inside which tiny flowers develop. Small drupes, the ‘pips’, are produced by the female flowers. An example is the fig. Answer : (d)

The mini flowers housed upon the structure are called florets, of which there are two types. The disc florets make up the brown mass in the centre of the sunflower, and the ray florets make up the ring of characteristic yellow petals on the outside Ligulate/strap-shaped , as in the ray florets of plants of the daisy family. Answer : (b)

basal placentation - where one or few ovules develop at the base of a simple or compound ovary. Answer : (a)

Epigeal germination is a botanical term indicating that the germination of a plant takes place above the ground. In seeds with epigeal germination, the cotyledons are brought above the soil due to elongation of the hypocotyl. In castor, cotton, papay, onion, flat green leaf like cotyledons can be seen in the young seedlings. Here the cotyledons, besides food storage, also perform photosynthesis till the seedling becomes independent. In some other plants like bean, the cotyledons being thick, do not become leaf-like; they shrival and fall off after their food reserves are consumed by the seedling. Answer : (c)

Maximum growth of root takes place in the back side portion of the root apex. Apex portion is made up of root cap and then follows the region of cell division where meristematic tissues are present. Answer : (b)

Characteristic of Fabaceae , the flowers are zygomorphic (radial symmetry), bisexual. The stamens are 10, diadelphous (stamens united by their filaments so as to form two groups). The gynoecium is monocarpellary, syncarpous, superior ovary. Answer : (a)

Phyllode a winged leaf stalk which functions as a leaf. Phyllodes are modified petioles or leaf stems, which are leaf-like in appearance and function. Cladode a flattened leaflike stem. Corm a rounded underground storage organ present in plants such as crocuses, gladioli, and cyclamens, consisting of a swollen stem base covered with scale leaves. Phylloclade a flattened branch or stem-joint resembling and functioning as a leaf. Answer : (b)

Cotyledons are the leaves of embryo, usually store food for the use of embryo during development. Groundnut, a dicot stores food in the food of oil reserve in the cotyledons. Answer : (d)

In weak- stemmed plants, leaf or a part of leaf gets modified into green thread­like structures called tendrils which help in climbing around the support. For eg in Gloriosa or Glory lily, leaf tip is modified into tendril. Answer : (b)

The root tip has three main zones: a zone of cell division (cells are actively dividing), a zone of elongation (cells increase in length), and a zone of maturation (cells differentiate to form different kinds of cells). Answer : (d)

Anthers the part of a stamen that contains the pollen. The male sporophylls (microsporophylls), located just inside the petals, are the stamens. Each stamen consists of a thin, stalklike filament and the boxlike anther. Inside the anther, special diploid cells known as microspore mother cells are dividing via meiosis to give rise to microspores. Answer : (b)

Answer : (b)

An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed. inflorescence functions include attracting pollinators and protecting young flowers. During they provide nutrients to the developing flowers and fruits. Answer : (c)

Hypanthium a cuplike or tubular enlargement of the receptacle of a flower, loosely surrounding the gynoecium or united with it. Answer : (c)

common name for Musa paradisiaca is Banana Answer : (a)

Nodulated roots are bead-like structures on the roots and found in plants that are associated with Rhizobium the symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria. Mostly found among the legume family- Fabaceae or Leguminosae. Papilionate belongs to family- Fabaceae or Leguminosae. Answer : (d)

The capsules of many plants open in such a way that the seeds can escape only when the capsules are violently shaken as by a strong wind. This has a tendency to scatter the seeds. This can be traced in members of family papaveraceae (poppy) Aristolochia and Aconitum Answer : (a)

Gynobasic Referring to a style arising from the base of the ovary. Gynobasic styles are of two types: 1) the style is inserted laterally at the base of a syncarpous ovary as in Chrysobalanaceae and Rhabdodendraceae 2) the style arises from the center of an apocarpous ovary as in many species of Lamiaceae. Answer : (a)

Answer : (d)

Unisexual flowers may occur on the same plant at different places.These are called monoecious plants. Example: maize, cucumber. Answer : (d)