Pandanus palms, these plants are not closely related to palm trees. They commonly have many thick stilt roots near the base, which provide support as the tree grows top-heavy with leaves, fruit, and branches. Option (c) is correct. Most orchids will have aerial roots reaching out into the air, rather than digging down into the potting media. These roots are looking for a tree branch to attach to. These roots absorb moisture from the air. Option (a) is not correct Sweet Potato tubers only contain root cells and grow on rhizomes. Option (b) is not correct. Answer : (c)

Velamen or velamen radicum is a spongy, multiple epidermis that covers the roots of some epiphytic or semi-epiphytic plants, such as orchid and Clivia species. These cells provide support, prevent water loss, and assist the plant in absorbing water from air. Hanging roots/ arial roots grow not from root tissue, but from the plant's stem or leaf tissues. Because they're exposed to the air, they're more likely to dry out and are usually found in plants that live in wet environments, like tropical rain forests. Some aerial roots even have chlorophyll (the plant chemical that helps to convert the sun's energy into food for the plant) and can photosynthesize. Answer : (c)

An aril, also called an arillus, is a specialized outgrowth from a seed that partly or completely covers the seed. Aril an outgrowth that grows around and may completely enclose the testa (seed coat) of a seed. It develops from the placenta, funicle, or micropyle of an ovule. The aril surrounding the nutmeg seed forms the spice mace Answer : (c)

Ginger (Zingiber officinale). Commonly called ginger root, the edible portion is actually a rhizome, or underground stem Answer : (a)

Pomology is a branch of botany that studies fruit and its cultivation. Spermology is the study of seeds. An anthology is defined as a book that has a large collection of writings in similar form, from a similar time, or about a similar subject manner, but by various authors. Dendrology is the science and study of wooded plants (trees, shrubs, and lianas), specifically, their taxonomic classifications. Answer : (b)

Answer : (a)

Actinomorphic : characterized by radial symmetry, being radially symmetrical and capable of division by any longitudinal plane into essentially symmetrical halves Answer : (c)

Ligule - A membranous or hairy appendage on the adaxial/upper surface of a leaf, at the junction between sheath and blade, especially in grasses Answer : (d)

Fasciculated tuberous roots are modification of adventitious roots for storage of food. Example Dahlia roots Answer : (d)

An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease. Answer : (b)

Seeds are the product of the ripened ovule, after fertilization by pollen and some growth within the mother plant. Answer : (b)

Epiphytic roots and/or hygroscopic roots are roots that absorb the moist atmosphere, dew, and rain. Almost all of the species of Vanda are very large epiphytes found in disturbed areas in habitat and prefer very high light levels, the plants having large root systems. Answer : (a)

Answer : (c)

Physalis peruviana, is a South American plant in the nightshade family (Solanaceae) commonly known as Cape gooseberry, calyx surrounding the fruit like a cape Answer : (d)

Pepo: Berry with a hard, thick rind; typical fruit of the gourd family Cucurbitaceae. E.g. watermelon, cucumber, squash, cantelope and pumpkin. Answer : (c)

The corm is vertically growing underground stem, which carries on vegetative propagation as in Amorphophallus and Colocasia. Answer : (b)

Dionaea muscipula is a carnivorous plant, also known as Venus flytrap Answer : (a)

Edible part of Groundnut buried in soil is morphologically fruit and is geocarpic and thus ripens inside the soil itself. Answer : (c)

Parasites absorb nourishment from host by Haustoria The haustorium penetrates the tissues of a host and absorbs nutrients and water. Answer : (a)

Tulipa is member of liliaceae Other examples of Genera in Liliaceae Amana,  Calochortus,  Cardiocrinum,  Erythronium,  Fritillaria,  Gagea,  Lilium,  Lloydia,  Medeola,  Nectaroscordum,  Nomocharis,  Notholirion,  Prosartes,  Scoliopus,  Zygadenus Answer : (c)

Trimerous definitions · Having three similar segments or parts. · Having flower parts, such as petals, sepals, and stamens, in sets of three. Monocots have flower parts in threes or multiples of threes as shown in the flowers to the left. Answer : (a)

Vanda, plant with epidermis specialised to absorb moisture from air is Answer : (b)

Scutellum in the monocotyledonous seeds, an organ lying between the embryo and endosperm. During germination, the scutellum secretes enzymes involved in the digestion of endosperm. Answer : (d)

A culm is the aerial (above-ground) stem of a grass or sedge. It is derived from Latin culmus 'stalk', and it originally referred to the stem of any type of plant. Answer : (b)

Victoria plant has the largest leaves among all aquatic plants. Its leaves are huge, covering a wide area when floating in water. Answer : (b)

Mimosa pudica the placentation is Marginal Answer : (b)

Capitula are typical of the Compositae. Capitulum an inflorescence that consists of closely packed flowers or florets which have no stalks and arise on a flattened axis, all at the same level. China rose, also called Chinese hibiscus or Hawaiian hibiscus Answer : (d)

The mesocarp, in mango, is the nutritious, fleshy part eaten between the skin and the seed. Answer : (b)

The Venus flytrap botinical name is Dionaea muscipula, Answer : (b)

pandanus palms, these plants are not closely related to palm trees. They commonly have many thick stilt roots near the base, which provide support as the tree grows top-heavy with leaves, fruit, and branches. Answer : (a)

The term monadelphous stamens mean that the stamens of the flower have their filaments (stalks) joined to form a tube. China Rose have monadelphous stamens In axile placentation, the ovules are placed along the central axis of the ovary and the carpels are folded inside. It is usually found in fruits like China rose, lemon and tomato. Answer : (a)

Drupe a fleshy fruit with thin skin and a central stone containing the seed, e.g. mango, a plum, cherry, almond, or olive. Answer : (b)

In hydrophytes, the root system is poorly developed because the plants are surrounded by water. Answer : (c)

Stratification. Some seeds contain germination inhibitors that break down when exposed to cold temperatures Scarification in botany involves weakening, opening, or otherwise altering the coat of a seed to encourage germination. Vernalisation the cooling of seed during germination in order to accelerate flowering when it is planted Impaction the act of becoming or the state of being impacted specifically Answer : (d)

Answer : (c)

Watermeal (Wolffia spp.) is a member of the duckweed family (Lemnaceae), a family that contains some of the simplest flowering plants. There are various species of the genus Wolffia worldwide, all very small. The plant itself averages 1/42” long and 1/85” wide or about the size of one candy sprinkle. Answer : (d)

Epigynous (of a plant or flower) having the ovary enclosed in the receptacle, with the stamens and other floral parts situated above. In epigynous flowers, the margin of thalamus grows upward enclosing the ovary completely and getting fused with it, the other parts of flower arise above the ovary. Hence, the ovary is said to be inferior as in flowers of guava and cucumber, and the ray florets of sunflower. Answer : (b)

The edible portion of banana is endocarp and less developed mesocarp. Answer : (d)

Pneumatophores, commonly found in mangrove species that grow in saline mud flats, are lateral roots that grow upward out of the mud and water to function as the site of oxygen intake for the submerged primary root system. Answer : (b)

Tomato is a berry in which the pericarp and placentae are fleshy and edible. Jack fruit is a composite fruit and not a simple fruit. Banana is a false berry and its epicarp is not edible. Date palm is a berry in which the epicarp and mesocarp are edible. Answer : (a)

Hypanthodium is a special types of inflorescence. The penducle becomes fleshy, flattened and forms a hollow cup with a small opening at the top. The male and female flowers are borne on the inner wall of the cup or receptacles with male flowers are the base of receptacle. The flowers are usually sessile, Answer : (b)

A tepal is one of the outer parts of a flower (collectively the perianth). The term is used when these parts cannot easily be classified as either sepals or petals Answer : (c)

Asafoetida is an oleo-gum-resin obtained from the exudates of the roots of the Iranian endemic medicinal plant, F. asafoetida. Answer : (c)

Cicer arietinum, commonly known as chickpea, gram or Bengal gram is an annual legume belonging to family Fabaceae or Papilionaceae. Answer : (a)

1) Asparagus shows tubercular storage roots as the food is stored in its roots for perrenation 1 - c, heritiera is called pneumatophore because it lives n waterlogged condition making the roots to develop small opening for brathing. 2 - b, Haustoria are structures which help parasitic plants suck the nutrient and water from host like in viscum. 3 - d, Prop roots are roots which give support to plants like screwpine so that it cans stand erect in marshy soils. 4 -e, Assimilatory roots are roots which are green in colour enabling them to produce their own food through photosynthesis as in tinospora. 5 - a Answer : (a)

Answer : (a)

viviparity would mean absence of dormancy. Thus, new generation would be growing in a rather, unsuitable season, which is not desirable as plant may not survive or serve its purpose, i.e. reproducing. Thus seeds of viviparity would not be stored under normal conditions for next season Answer : (d)

Answer : (c)

The androecium is the sum of all the male reproductive organs, and the gynoecium is the sum of the female reproductive organs. A gynophore is the stalk of certain flowers which supports the gynoecium (the ovule-producing part of a flower), elevating it above the branching points of other floral parts. Answer : (c)

Asafoetida is an oleo-gum-resin obtained from the exudates of the roots of the Iranian endemic medicinal plant, F. asafoetida. Answer : (b)