Victoria amazonica has a leaf that is up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) in diameter, on a stalk up to 8 metres (26 ft) in length. Answer : (d)

Perisperm The layer of nutritive tissue, derived from the nucellus of ovule, that surrounds the embryo of a seed in some angiosperms. After double fertilization, the remnants of nucellus of the ovule in the mature seed is called perisperm. Perisperm found in Coffee, black pepper, sugar, beet Beet seeds have a curved embryo and utilize perisperm derived from nucellar tissue Answer : (b)

Synandrous stamens: Stamens are united throughout their whole length by filaments and anthers e.g. Cucurbitaceae Answer : (b)

Strelitzia reginae, commonly known as the crane flower or bird of paradise Answer : (b)

Mango-ginger is neither related to mango nor ginger but to turmeric (Curcuma longa). It is a rhizome which is pale yellow inside and lighter colour outside . It is the modification of root and these adventitious roots become swollen near the apex and form nodule-like structures for storage of food. Ginger, Potatoes is a stem and not a root because it has nodes and internodes Garlic is a modified stem known as a bulb. Answer : (b)

Brassica or mustard belongs to family Brassicaceae. It is characterised by polypetalous 4 petals, polysepalous 4 sepals, six stamens (which are in tetradynamous condition i.e. 4 + 2. Gynoecium is bicarpellary, syncarpous unilocular with parietal placentation. Fruit is usually siliqua (dry dehiscent fruit formed by bicarpellary syncarpous gynoecium with replum) and rarely lomentum. Solanaceae is commonly called potato family. It is characterised by bisexual flower, 5 sepals, 5 petals. Androceium is epipetalous and Gynoecium is bicarpellary obligately placed. Fruit is berry or capsule. Poaceae or Gramineae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants known as grasses. It is characterised by bracteate flower. It has usually 3 stamens, 3 carpels. Fruit is caryopsis or nut or berry. Answer : (c)

cladode A flattened organ arising from the stem of a plant. These often replace the leaves in photosynthetic function, as leaves in such plants (for example asparagus, butchers broom) are typically reduced to scales. Answer : (b)

Siliqua: Fruit develops from bicarpellary, syncarpous, superior ovary with parietal placentation. Ovary remains unilocular in the beginning but becomes bilocular due to formation of false septum, called replum. Each locule has many seeds. Answer : (b)

Answer : (d)

The stem holding the whole inflorescence is called a peduncle Answer : (a)

Versatile anther is attached to filament about middle of connective allowing free movement Answer : (d)

Crotalaria is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae Nepenthes is a genus of carnivorous plants, also known as tropical pitcher plants, Sarracenia is a genus pitcher plants, commonly called trumpet pitchers. Answer : (d)

Crotalaria juncea can fix about 50-60 kg N/ha within 60-90 days of cultivation. It provides 60 kg N/ha to the soil when it is used as green manure. Alhagi camelorum which are cultivated and ploughed into the soil which increases crop yield by 30-50%. Answer : (a)

Passiflora, the tendril can be interpreted as a modification of the primary axis of the inflorescence, while the second-order axis produces one or more flowers, depending on the degree of reduction of the inflorescence Answer : (a)

An ovule bent to come at right angles to funicle is Hemitropous Answer : (d)

Multifoliate having many leaves or leaflets. The leaves of Bombax are compound with entire margins and are deciduous, being shed in the dry-season. They measure 30 to 50 cm across and are palmate in shape with five to nine leaflets. Answer : (c)

The ripe fruits, in a pod with 7-8 seeds each, burst open, when they get wet and the black seeds are hurdled away. The ripe seed capsules of Ruellia tuberosa breaks open with force when drops of water fall on the capsule and seeds are dispersed away from the plant. In these pods the seeds are arranged in four rows and the flat lens-shaped seeds have peculiar hood-like projections, called jaculators or retinacula, from their funicles which straighten out during dehiscence so that the four rows of seeds are ejected crosswise in four different directions. Answer : (c)

the receptacle or thalamus, is the thickened part of a stem (pedicel) from which the flower organs grow. Answer : (a)

Pneumatophores are specialized aerial roots stemming from a subterranean root system, which enable plants to utilize air in waterlogged soil habitats. Hence reason is not correct Answer : (c)

gibberellins (denoted by GA) produced in the scutellum gibberellins are released generally from the scutellum and induce hydrolytic enzymes equally on the dorsal and ventral sides of the grain. Answer : (c)

Corypha is a monocarpic palm. It belongs to Arecaceae family (family of palms) which only flowers once in its lifetime. Answer : (c)

Characters of Solanaceae: Flower: Bracteate or ebracteate, pedicellate, complete, hermaphrodite, actinomorphic, pentamerous, hypogynous. Gynoecium: Bicarpellary, syncarpous, ovary superior, bilocular, unilocular in Henoonia, axile placentation placentae swollen, many ovules in each loculus, ovary obliquely placed; in some cases nectariferous disc is present; style simple; stigma bifid or capitate. Fruit: A capsule or beery. Answer : (d)

Velamen is present in Epiphytic roots Answer : (b)

Edible part of sorosis(Jack fruit) are the perianth and peduncle. Answer : (c)

Gymnosperms have exposed seeds and do not flower or fruit. Monocot roots are fibrous, while dicots have taproots, Monocot stems have bundles of vascular tissue scattered throughout, whereas vascular bundles in dicot stems are arranged in a ring Answer : (b)

In pulses protein is stored in cotyledons Answer : (a)

The hairs present in maize corn cob are Styles. Answer : (c)

The purpose of the root cap is to enable downward growth of the root, with the root cap covering the sensitive tissue in the root Answer : (a)

A samara is a winged achene, a type of fruit in which a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue develops from the ovary wall. Answer : (a)

Replum a thin false dissepiment separating the two valves of some fruits (as siliques and some legumes) from which the valves fall away at maturity. A cross-section of the ovary reveals two carpels. You can see a partition that separates the two carpels (indicated with an arrow). This partition is called a replum and is actually an extension of the placenta. You can also see two developing seeds within this ovary. Answer : (a)

Stilt roots these are adventitious support roots, common among mangroves. They grow down from lateral branches, branching in the soil Note: Stilt roots also occur in sugarcane/Maize because these stems are weak and need support where adventitious roots grow from the nodes obliquely Answer : (b)

Scarification a process known as scarification. This is accomplished by a number of methods including abrasive action, soaking in hot water, or acid treatment. Physiologically imposed dormancy involves the presence of germination inhibitors. Germination in such seed may be accomplished by treatment to remove these inhibitors. stratification is a process of treating seeds to simulate natural conditions that the seeds must experience before germination can occur. Vernalisation the cooling of seed during germination in order to accelerate flowering when it is planted. Vernalization is the artificial exposure of plants to low temperatures to stimulate flowering or enhance seed production. Answer : (b)

The turnip is a root vegetable commonly grown in temperate climates worldwide for its white, fleshy taproot. Answer : (d)

Answer : (b)

The bitter taste is caused by the presence of terpenoid compounds called cucurbitacins, named for the cucumber and squash family of plants called cucurbits. Cucumbers produce cucurbitacins as a defense against insects, fungus and herbivores. Answer : (c)

A sucker is a lateral shoot that develops from the rhizome and emerges from the soil usually near the parent plant. It is a form of asexual, or vegetative, reproduction, that makes the banana plant perennial. Both wild species of bananas and cultivated bananas produce suckers The banana has a reduced underground stem, called the rhizome, which bears several buds. Each of these buds sprouts and forms its own pseudostem and a new bulbous rhizome. These daughter plants are called suckers. Answer : (b)

False fruits develop from any other part of the plant except ovary. Parts of fruit include exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. As Apple does not grow from the ovary, it is a false fruit. Answer : (c)

Cuscuta is Parasitic plant Answer : (d)

Triticum aestivum belongs to grass family, common name is wheat A lodicule is the structure that consists of between one and three small scales at the base of the ovary in a grass flower that represent the corolla, believed to be a rudimentary perianth. The swelling of the lodicules forces apart the flower's bracts, exposing the flower's reproductive organs. If Triticum aestivum lemmas or paleas are removed, the minute flower inside is exposed, revealing the familiar flower organs of a single ovary, 2 styles and 3 anthers. The pair of lodicules at the base possibly represent the highly reduced petals or sepals. Answer : (b)

Artificial breaking of seed dormancy: 1. Scarification: Hard, impermeable seed coat is weakened or ruptured by filing, chipping, hot water and chemicals. 2. Stratification: Seeds are moistened and exposed to oxygen for variable period at low or high temperature. 3. Counteracting inhibitors: Inhibitors are destroyed by dipping seeds in KNO3, thiourea, ethylene chlorohydrin and gibberellin. 4. Shaking and pressure: Vigorous shaking and hydraulic pressure are used to weaken seed coats. Answer : (a)

The best known stem tendril climbers are the common grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera) and its relatives These tendrils have the ability to perform photosynthesis. In addition to forming on other hosts, tendrils will form robust links with their own stems and leaves on the vine, as seen here. This results in a tangled or net-like shoot. Answer : (c)

Epigeal indicating that the germination of a plant takes place above the ground. Examples of epigeal germination are cotton, sunflower, castor, and bean Answer : (b)

In reticulate venation, veins are interconnected and form a web like network structure which is present on both sides of the midrib. This is a characteristic feature of the dicot plants. Musa or banana have parallel venation. Oryza is a genus of plants in the grass family, have parallel venation. Canna or canna (commonly known as Indian shot, African arrowroot, edible canna, purple arrowroot, ) lily is the only genus of flowering plants in the family , have parallel venation Answer : (b)

Hibiscus is a genus of flowering plants in the mallow family, Malvaceae a - q, The Poaceae are the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet as well as feed for meat-producing animals. b - p, Tridax procumbens, commonly known as coatbuttons or tridax daisy, is a species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae or Compositae (commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family), c - t, Crotalaria juncea, known as brown hemp, Indian hemp, Madras hemp, or sunn hemp, is a tropical Asian plant of the legume family (Fabaceae). d - r, Gloriosa superba is a species of flowering plant in the family Colchicaceae e - a Answer : (d)

Pneumatophores or breathing roots occur in Mangrove plants Answer : (d)

Ruminate endosperm, the condition in which the endosperm is dissected by in-growths of the seed coat, is a common condition in the palms Answer : (a)

The Calyciflorae has plants with flowers that have cup-shaped thalamus and the ovary can be superior, inferior, or sometimes half inferior. Family Fabaceae flowers often have five generally fused sepals and five free petals. They are generally hermaphroditic and have a short hypanthium, usually cup-shaped. Calyciflorae is a grouping of plants that is no longer used by botanists. Answer : (c)

When a flower is a bud, it is surrounded by sepals, which in many cases are green Answer : (c)

The root cap protects the growing tip of roots from soil and hard rock surface. As hydrophytes are generally aquatic plants, no such protection is needed for their roots. As a result of which root cap is absent in hydrophytes Answer : (d)

Polyadelphous is a condition where stamens join together with each other and form multiple bundles in which anthers are set free as in case of citrus plants. Answer : (a)