Basipetal transport: Transport of various compounds including auxin from the tip towards the basis of the particular organ (stem or root). Answer : (c)

Gibberellins were first isolated from the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi, the cause of the foolish seedling disease of rice Answer : (b)

Phytochrome regulates the expression of many plant genes, and it may control plant development primarily through its role in regulating gene expression, light regulates the synthesis of RUBISCO, the chlorophyll a/b-binding protein, and many other chloroplast proteins. Involved in Seed germination and flowering Answer : (d)

Hormone	Precursor	Function
Auxin	Amino acids : Tryptophan	cell elongation, apical dominance, tropism, arrests lateral root
Ethylene	Amino acids : Methionine	Flowering/ fruit ripening; stress response, seed germination
Cytokinins	isoprenoid compounds: adenine (ADE)	Cell division, release lateral buds from apical dominance , root growth delays senescence
Gibberellins	isoprenoid compounds: gernaylgeranyl phosphate	Stem elongation, root growth, seed germination, flowering, floral development, fruit growth; stress
Abscisic acid	isoprenoid compounds: Phytoene	Stomatal closure, seed and bud dormancy, desiccation tolerance, root/shoot growth, leaf senescence

The α-Amylase Induction in Endosperm during Rice Seed Germination Is Caused by Gibberellin Synthesized in Epithelium. ABA suppress tuber sprouting; Both have same predicsesor Answer : (d)

Xanthium (cocklebur) is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower tribe within the daisy family Xanthium is a short-day plant Answer : (a)

Frits Warmolt Went (May 18, 1903 – May 1, 1990) was a Dutch biologist whose 1928 experiment demonstrated the existence of auxin in plants. The degree of inward curvature is proportional to the auxin concentration, and this phenomenon has been used as a bioassay for auxin in unknown solutions. Answer : (c)

Parthenocarpy the development of a fruit without prior fertilization. Parthenogenesis is a form of reproduction in which an egg can develop into an embryo without being fertilized by a sperm. Apospory is the development of 2n gametophytes, without meiosis and spores, from vegetative, or nonreproductive, cells of the sporophyte. Apogamy is the development of 1n sporophytes without gametes and syngamy from vegetative cells of the gametophyte. Answer : (b)

Gibberellins function is stem elongation, root growth, seed germination, flowering, floral development, fruit growth; stress Answer : (b)

Human urine shows common presence of Auxin ( indole-3-acetic acid) 1 - b, Gibberellins were first isolated from the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi,2 - e, Kinetin ( type of cytokinin) was originally isolated by Miller and Skoog et al. as a compound from autoclaved herring sperm DNA that had cell division-promoting activity. 3 - a, Most fruits produce a gaseous compound called ethylene that starts the ripening process. 4 - c, Abscisic acid function Stomatal closure, seed maturation, germination, desiccation tolerance, root/shoot growth, leaf senescence 5 - d Answer : (a)

Etiolation is a process in flowering plants grown in partial or complete absence of light. Answer : (a)

Sprouting of potato can be prevented in storage by Maleic hydrazide. It acts by inhibiting cell division but not extension of existing cells Answer : (a)

Gibberella fujikuroi is a fungal plant pathogen. It causes "foolish seedling" (bakanae) disease in rice seedlings. This fungus causes to produce only partially filled or empty grains or it is unable to produce viable (sterile plant). a-r-z, Ethylene is a volatile hormone, has important roles in the ripening of many fruits, in the induction of senescence in leaves and flowers, and in the abscission of leaf petioles and flower peduncles. b-p-y Answer : (c)

Pneumatophores are small negatively geotropic vertical roots Answer : (b)

Kurosawa, a Japanese botanist, discovered gibberellin while investigating the rice foolish seedling disease in which spindly seedlings are formed due to Gibberellic acid like compounds produced by the fungus ( Gibberella fujikuroi) infecting the plant. Answer : (c)

There are the following three types of autonomic movements:- Movements and locomotion: Example oscillatory movements of Oscillatoria, Motility of zoospores. Growth and curvature movement :These movements are brought about by unequal growth on different sides of an organ. Example Opening of floral buds and circinately coiled leaves are good examples of nastic movements. Variation movements: These movements occur due to periodic variations in the turgidity of cells of an organ. Leaflets periodically drop down and rise up Answer : (c)

2,4-D (synthetic auxin) is a widely used herbicide that controls broadleaf weeds Answer : (a)

Since pineapples flower erratically, induction of flowering is a common practice. This is done chemically by use of growth regulators which induces flowering and subsequent fruiting. Following growth regulators are recommended to induce flowering. NAA is a synthetic plant hormone in the auxin family; it is a rooting agent and used for the vegetative propagation of plants from stem and leaf cuttings. It is also used for plant tissue culture. Plant growth regulators such as 2,4-D induce pineapple flowering by increasing the content of ethylene in the meristematic zone of the plant when applied at low concentration. Answer : (b)

Answer : (b)

Answer:(b)

Tulip species is also known to be thermonastic. Thermonasty is the tendency in certain plant species to respond to temperature changes by developing a sufficient cellular force or growth on one side of an axis to change the form or position of the axis Sunflower shows photonastic movement. Photonasty is the tendency in certain plant species to respond to light by developing sufficient cellular force or growth on one side of an axis to change the form or position of the axis, as in the opening and closing of the flowers of four-o'clocks. Answer : (a)

The phytochrome pigment was discovered by Sterling Hendricks and Harry Borthwick The term phytochrome was introduced by the American botanist Harry A. Borthwick (1898-1974) and the biochemist Sterling B. Hendricks Answer : (a)

The 2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon) and calcium carbide are used to induce and synchronize the flowering of pineapple crop Answer : (d)

Cytokinins (CK) and Zeatin is a cytokinin derived from adenine, are a class of plant growth substances that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots. They are involved primarily in cell growth and differentiation, but also affect apical dominance, axillary bud growth, and leaf senescence. Answer : (c)

Ethene is a volatile hormone that controls numerous aspects of plant growth and development, including fruit ripening, seed germination, flowering, and senescence Answer : (c)

Ethylene moves within the plant by diffusion and is thought to be synthesized at or near its site of action, Ethylene can diffuse across membranes into nearby cells, there is no requirement for transporter proteins to deliver ethylene to target cells Long distance translocation has been demonstrated for many plant hormones, including auxins, abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinins, gibberellins (GAs), strigolactones, and salicylic acid. Hormones translocated with the transpiration stream have to be loaded into the xylem and unloaded at the target cells Answer : (c)

Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that are essential for many developmental processes in plants, including seed germination, stem elongation, leaf expansion, trichome development, pollen maturation and the induction of flowering Answer : (d)

Exponential growth may occur in environments where there are few individuals and plentiful resources, but when the number of individuals becomes large enough, resources will be depleted, slowing the growth rate. Bacterial, Yeast and Asexual reproduction shows exponential growth. Answer : (d)

Under moderate light conditions herbicides reduce primary productivity, and under higher light, blockage of the electron transport system results in the build-up of reactive oxygen species that damage PSII . These herbicides have been designed to prevent germination, reduce growth and kill weeds. Answer : (b)

Dwarfing agents (gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors) are frequently used to manipulate plant size. This is done through interference with the biosynthetic process. There are three major groups of inhibitors of GA-biosynthesis. onium-type compounds chlormequat chloride (CCC), compounds with N-containing heterocycle and cyclohexane-triones Answer : (a)

Zeatin and its derivatives occur in many plant extracts and are the active ingredient in coconut milk and immature corn kernels, which causes plant growth. Answer : (d)

Growth hormone responsible for apical dominance is Auxin Answer : (a)

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the main auxin produced by plants Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the main auxin produced by plants, is known to be synthesized de novo using tryptophan (Trp) as a precursor. Thus 'b' is incorrectly matched Answer : (b)

Seismonasty is a nastic movement. When any organ of Mimosa pudica is touched, the stimulus reaches the base of the leaf. Owing to this stimulus, the turgor of lower half of pulvinus is lost and the leaf droops down. Answer : (a)

Freezing prevents the growth of most foodborne microorganisms and refrigeration temperatures slow down the growth of microorganisms. Refrigeration below 5°C effectively retards the growth of many foodborne pathogens. The cooling rate is important in controlling the growth of microorganisms. Answer : (a)

Gibberellins (GAs) break seed dormancy and promote germination Alpha-amylase is synthesized de novo during seed germination Answer : (b)

The role of lunularic acid in bryophytes and algae similar to abscisic acid (ABA), growth inhibition and dormancy induction Answer : (d)

Fruit drop can be controlled by the exogenous application of plant growth regulators such as auxins and gibberillins(GA3). These plant growth regulators tend to delay the senescence and reduce unwanted fruit abscision. NAA is a synthetic plant hormone in the auxin family Answer : (a)

When the length of night is longer than the critical dark period, short-day plants are induced to flower. If there is an interruption to the darkness, such as a brief period of light, the plant will not flower, even though the continuous period of light—day—is still short Answer : (b)

Gibberellin is used to speed up the malting process in barley. Auxins could cause flowering of pineapple. Cytokinin production slows down the process of senescence. Answer : (c)

Zeatin is natural plant hormone isolated from corn kernels and coconut milk Answer : (d)

Plant senescence is the process of aging in plants. Plants have both stress-induced and age-related developmental aging. Answer : (c)

Fruit drop can be controlled by the exogenous application of plant growth regulators such as auxins and gibberillins(GA3). These plant growth regulators tend to delay the senescence and reduce unwanted fruit abscisio Answer : (c)

Morphactin is synthetic fluorine-containing compounds that tend to produce morphological changes and suppress growth in plants. Answer : (a)

Dahlia/xanthium short-day plants develop flowers in autumn-spring period Autumn in India September end to November Spring in India Feburary to March Answer : (d)

Cytokinin production slows down the process of senescence. Answer : (b)

Dahlia/xanthium short-day plants develop flowers in autumn-spring period Autumn in India September end to November Spring in India Feburary to March Answer : (c)

Cytokinins are the plant hormones which has manifold effects on plants. It includes delaying of senescence, active cell division and so on. Cytokinins increase cell division by stimulating proteins needed for mitosis. Answer : (c)

The intermediate phase between the formative phase and the maturation phase is the phase of elongation. Answer : (b)

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) was first discovered as the agent that causes the abscission. The hormones abscisic acid is promoters of senescence Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in responses to environmental stresses, such as cold, salt stress, osmotic stress, and pathogen attack, which trigger various biological processes such as stomatal closure, inhibition of fruit ripening, seed dormancy, and inhibition of cell division senescence, bud dormancy and inhibition of cell division Answer : (d)

IAA (Indole-3-Acetic Acid) is the abundant and well known plant hormone of the auxin class. a - q, Gibberellic acid is also called gibberellin A3, GA, and GA3 is a hormone found in plants and fungi. b - p, Zeatin is a cytokinin derived from adenine, which occurs in the form of a cis- and a trans-isomer and conjugates. c - t, Abscisic acid (ABA) is identical with a substance that causes bud dormancy in wooden perennial plants. It was therefore at first also called dormin. d - r Answer : (c)