A neotype is a specimen later selected to serve as the single type specimen when an original holotype has been lost or destroyed or where the original author never cited a specimen. A syntype is any one of two or more specimens that is listed in a species description where no holotype was designated. A isotype is plant specimen that is a duplicate of or very similar to the type specimen and can be used as a reference specimen if the type specimen is lost. Answer : (b)

The entire two-part name must be written in italics (or underlined when handwritten). The genus name is always written first. The genus name must be capitalized. The specific epithet is never capitalized. Answer : (a)

Answer : (b)

Enthalpy: the sum of the internal energy of a body or system and the product of its volume multiplied by the pressure. Free energy :a thermodynamic quantity it is the amount of energy available for system to do work on its own, equivalent to the capacity of a system to do work on its own. Activation energy is the energy required to start a reaction. There is no term as Spontaneous energy but it is Spontaneous process Answer : (b)

Systema Naturae is one of the major works of the Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carl Linnaeus and introduced the Linnaean taxonomy. Answer : (d)

Linnaeus introduced Binomial nomenclature Answer : (a)

Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time Key is a taxonomical aid that helps in identification of plant and animal species. These keys are based on similarities and dissimilarities in characters, Monograph. A written account or description of a single thing, or class of things; a special treatise on a particular subject of limited range . Catalog is simply a listing of all species organized in some way Answer : (b)

Answer : (a)

Answer : (d)

Answer : (c)

sativa is written at second position so it is the name of species or epithet Answer : (c)

ICBN full form is International Code of Biological Nomenclature Answer : (a)

a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding. The species is the principal natural taxonomic unit, ranking below a genus and denoted by a Latin binomial, e.g. Homo sapiens. Answer : (a)

Systematics is the science of naming and organizing organisms based on common ancestry (= evolutionary relatedness). In a systematic taxonomy, all of the species in a genus are more related (= have a more recent ancestor in common) to one another than to any other species Anatomy is the branch of biology that focuses on the structure of living things Morphology a branch of biology that deals with the form and structure of animals and plants. Taxonomy the study of the general principles of scientific classification of plants and animals according to their presumed natural relationships Answer : (a)

Latin was a dead language, its words would convey precise meaning, it was the mother of all European language and all the early botanical literature was in Latin Answer : (d)

Ernst Mayr defined a species as follows: "species are groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups." Answer : (d)

The largest herbarium in India is Indian Botanical Garden ,Kolkata. It consists of 1000000 number of specimens. Answer : (d)

Family, has a group of related genera with still less number of similarities as compared to genus and species Genera is plural of genus , taxonomic category ranking used in biological classification that is below a family and above a species level, and includes group(s) of species that are structurally similar or phylogenetically related Answer : (b)

Negative feedback is a reaction that causes a decrease in function. It occurs in response to some kind of stimulus. Often it causes the output of a system to be lessened .option (b) Positive feedback enhances or amplifies an effect by it having an influence on the process which gave rise to it. Option (a), (c) and (d) Answer : (b)

The term phylum was coined by Ernst Haeckel The taxonomic term familia was first used by French botanist Pierre Magnol in his book Prodromushistoriaegeneralisplantarum. Remaining terms are introduced by Carolus Linnaeus Answer : (d)

Germplasm are living genetic resources such as seeds or tissues that are maintained for the purpose of animal and plant breeding, preservation, The Role of Botanic Gardens in Plant Conservation. : Horticulture and cultivation skills allow us to grow plants that might be lost in nature, which means that species diversity can be conserved in the gardens, but also allows us to consider restoration and rehabilitation of degraded habitats. Answer : (c)

Ecology : The branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings. Taxonomy the study of the general principles of scientific classification of plants and animals according to their presumed natural relationships. Morphology a branch of biology that deals with the form and structure of animals and plants. Physiology the branch of biology that deals with the normal functions of living organisms and their parts. Answer : (b)

Answer : (b)

Tears :the clear salty Explanation and answer secreted by the lacrimal glands that lubricates and cleanses the surface of the eyeball and inner surface of the eyelids , thus not a for excretion of salt. Sweat :moisture exuded through the pores of the skin, typically in profuse quantities as a reaction to heat (thermo regulation) , physical exertion, fever, or fear. Saliva :watery liquid secreted into the mouth by glands, providing lubrication for chewing and swallowing, and aiding digestion. (not testing food) Statolith a calcareous particle in the statocysts of invertebrates, which stimulates sensory receptors in response to gravity, so enabling balance and orientation. (no relation with sexualattraction) Answer : (b)

Thermal conductivity :A measure of the ability of a material to transfer heat. Latent heat : the heat required to convert state of substance at constant temperature (a solid into a liquid or vapour, or a liquid into a vapour, without change of temperature.) Dielectric constant :a quantity measuring the ability of a substance to store electrical energy in an electric field. Since question is about thermal property correct option is (b) Answer : (b)

Smoke :a visible suspension of carbon or other particles in air, which is not produced in cells thus no need to regulate or do not have any place in activity of cell Except flow of smoke all other are necessary Answer : (a)

Ernst Mayr defined a species as follows: "species are groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups." Answer : (a)

Hominidae is the family of human thus option a is not correct Dipterais the order of house fly thus option b is not correct Cephalopod is the class ofCuttle fish thus option d is not correct Scientific name of Tiger is Pantheratigris, tigris is species Answer : (c)

Camp and Gily in 1943 coined the term 'Biosystematics' Answer : (d)

Most basically taxon is a group of living organisms and a category tends to indicate rank/status for that particular taxon. Birds, also known as Aves or avian dinosaurs Answer:(d)