Homeostasis.is the tendency of biological systems to maintain relatively constant conditions in the internal environment while continuously interacting with and adjusting to changes originating within or outside the system. Answer : (d)

Answer : (c)

As per ICBN rule, in botanical names first word denotes genus and second for species. Genetic name starts with a capital letter and the specific name with a small letter Answer : (d)

R.H.Whittaker five kingdom system of classification is based on He grouped organism into the above classes based on the following criteria: 1. Cell structure (prokaryote/eukaryote) 2. Complexity (unicellular/multicellular) 3. Nutrition (autotrophs, heterotrophs) 4. Lifestyle (producers/consumers/decomposers) 5. Phylogeny (relation to other prokaryotes/eukaryotes) 6. Mode of reproduction. Answer:(c)

Contrary :opposite in nature, direction, or meaning. Nomenclature rules say The names are written in Latin and are italicized which is contrary to Biological names can be written in any language Answer:(a)

A museum has collection of dead remains of plants and animals in preserved form. Answer:(c)

Sexual reproduction :the production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes). Since both individuals have different genetic make up so variation is maximum Nucellarpolyembryony :Zygotic and nucellar embryos can occur in the same seed, and a zygotic embryo can divide to produce multiple embryos. . Thus same genetic material with little variation. Vegetative reproduction : A form of asexual reproduction in plants, in which multicellular structures become detached from the parent plant and develop into new individuals that are genetically identical to the parent plant. Parthenogenesis reproduction from an ovum without fertilization Answer:(a)

Answer:(b)

Diptera is the order b – i Arthropoda is phylum d - ii Muscidae are a family of flies a – iii Insecta is class within the Phylum Arthropoda c - iv Answer:(c)

Statement A is correct reproduction is synonymous with growth because in growth number of cell increase statement D is correct Answer:(a)

trinomial nomenclature is used to name living things at a rank lower than species. autonym an infraspecific name in which the species epithet is repeated. Answer:(c)

domain → kingdom → phylum/dvision → class → order → family → genus → species. Answer:(c)

In biology, phenetics , also known as taximetrics, is an attempt to classify organisms based on overall similarity, usually in morphology or other observable traits, regardless of their phylogeny or evolutionary relation. Answer:(d)

Herbarium is defined as a collection of plants that usually have been dried, pressed, preserved on sheets and arranged according to any accepted system of classification for future reference and study. a = iii Taxonomic Key: is a device/booklet used by biologists for identifying unknown organisms b= iv A museum has collection of dead remains of plants and animals in preserved form. c= i Catalog is simply a listing of all species organized in some way d= ii Answer : (d)

The naming of scientific names of plants in which genus and species name are same is known as tautonomy Answer:(a)

Photoperiod affects reproductio in seasonal breeders, both plants and animals. In animals photoperiod affects the seasonal breeder through changes in melatonin secretion by the pineal gland. The reproductive axis is controlled by melatonin which is secreted at night only and therefore relays day length to the body. Photoperiod also affects testis size which ultimately causes gonad regression. Animals generally reproduce during spring and summer to take advantage of the warmer temperatures In plants photoperiod directly affects flowering by regulating the secretion of florigen and vernalin. Plants flower in response to the relative lengths of day and night. Plants produce pollen when pollinators will be active and help in transfer of pollens. Answer:(c)

(i) Muscidae are a family of flies found in the superfamily Muscoidea. Muscidae Hominidae is family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera: Pongo, the Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutan; Gorilla, the eastern and western gorilla Sapindales is an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem Dipteran, (order Diptera), any member of an order of insects containing the two-winged or so-called true flies. Although many winged insects are commonly called flies, the name is strictly applicable only to members of Diptera. Class insecta encompasses all insects, and is included in phylum arthropoda. Insects have three main body segments: the head, thorax and abdomen. They have six legs, one or two pairs of wings and specialized mouth parts. Answer:(b)

Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within an organism, tissue, or cell. A group of fungi that reproduce sexually by the endogenous formation of ascospores in an ascus. A basidiospore is a reproductive spore produced by Basidiomycete fungi, a grouping that includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts. Basidiospores typically each contain one haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis, and they are produced by specialized fungal cells called basidia. Answer:(a)

Fragmentation, also known as splitting, as a method of reproduction is seen in many organisms such as filamentous cyanobacteria, molds, lichens, many plants, and animals such as sponges, acoel flatworms, some annelid worms and sea stars. Answer:(d)

Species Plantarum (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial names and was the starting point for the naming of plants Answer:(a)

The numerical methods are useful in phenetic classifications and not phylogenetic classifications. Character selection is the greatest disadvantage in this approach. If characters chosen for comparison are inadequate, the statistical methods may give less satisfactory solution. phylogenetic classification is called cladistic classification(cladistics) and not phenetic classification. The numerical taxonomy is called phetic classification(phenetics). Thus there is no relation between Assertion and reason, both methods are based on different Principles. Answer:(c)

Answer:(c)

Answer:(c)

When looking at a plant with more than one scientific name, taxonomists try to maintain order in the system by following a set of rules. One rule is that the earliest valid name is the name that will be conserved, or kept. Answer:(a)

The entire two-part name must be written in italics (or underlined when handwritten). The genus name is always written first. The genus name must be capitalized. The specific epithet is never capitalized. Descriptive name is not used in nomencalture Answer:(a)

metabolism is definng feature of all living Consciousness the defining property composed of cells, metabolize, reproduce, and respond to their environment are character of all living , Answer:(c)

Answer:(c)

Species Plantarum is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera. Answer:(a)

Numerical Taxonomy which is now easily carried out using computers is based on all observable characteristics. Number and codes are assigned to all the characters and the data are then processed. In this way each character is given equal importance and at the same time hundreds of characters can be considered. Cytotaxonomy that is based on cytological information like chromosome number, structure, behaviour and chemotaxonomy that uses the chemical constituents of the plant to resolve confusions, are also used by taxonomists these days. Answer:(d)

Key is taxonomical aid used for identification of plants and animals based on the similarities and dissimilarities. Separate taxonomic keys are required for each taxonomic category such as family, genus and species for identification purposes. Keys are generally analytical in nature Answer:(d)