MCQ Questions
Q.1.
Edema
  • 0%
    the point where two blood vessels merge
  • 0%
    drives fluid out of capillary (major force)
  • 0%
    - by relaxation of the smooth muscl
  • 0%
    the accumulation of excess fluid in a tissue
Q.2.
Portal system
  • 0%
    Consists of veins on each side of the vertebral column that drain the back, thoracic and abdominal walls.
  • 0%
    wrap around capillaries and contract, regulating blood flow
  • 0%
    peak arterial BP taken during ventricular contraction (ventricular systole)
  • 0%
    2 consecutive capillary networks before returning to heart
Q.3.
Chemoreceptors are also located in the?
  • 0%
    medulla oblongata.
  • 0%
    aorta and carotid arteries.
  • 0%
    hyperproteinemia.
  • 0%
    considerably lower
Q.4.
Circulatory shock
  • 0%
    is any state in which cardiac output is insufficient to meet the body's metabolic needs.
  • 0%
    is a form of venous pooling shock that results from a sudden loss of vasomotor tone, allowing the vessels to dilate.
  • 0%
    is produced by a loss of blood volume as a result of hemorrhage, trauma, bleeding ulcers, burns, or dehydration.
  • 0%
    The opposition to flow that blood encounters in vessels away from the heart
Q.5.
Aneurysm
  • 0%
    -Weak point in an artery or the heart wall-Most common sites: abdominal aorta, renal arteries, and arterial circle at the base of the brain
  • 0%
    is a quick and powerful way of altering blood pressure and flow
  • 0%
    wrap around capillaries and contract, regulating blood flow
  • 0%
    is a form of venous pooling shock that results from a sudden loss of vasomotor tone, allowing the vessels to dilate.
Q.6.
Varicose veins
  • 0%
    supplies viscera and body wall
  • 0%
    failure of venous valves
  • 0%
    hyperproteinemia.
  • 0%
    is caused by inadequate pumping by the heart, usually as a result of myocardial infarction.
Q.7.
Most blood is in the
  • 0%
    -Tissue necrosis, pulmonary and cerebral edema, circulatory shock
  • 0%
    veins
  • 0%
    - Two arteries merge - Collateral (alternative) routes of blood supply - Coronary circulation and around joints
  • 0%
    The opposition to flow that blood encounters in vessels away from the heart
Q.8.
Distributing (muscular/medium) arteries
  • 0%
    - Increased CO and BP - Increased respiratory rate (thoracic pump) - Increased skeletal muscle pump
  • 0%
    celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, renal arteries, gonadal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, and common iliac arteries.
  • 0%
    - Increased capillary filtration • Kidney failure, histamine release, old age, poor venous return - Reduced capillary absorption • Hypoproteinemia, liver disease, dietary protein deficiency - Obstructed lymphatic drainage • Surgical removal of lymph node
  • 0%
    • Distributes blood to specific organs • Little to no elastic tissue • Brachial, femoral, renal, and splenic • Smooth muscle layers ¾ wall thicknes
Q.9.
Vasomotion
  • 0%
    is produced by a loss of blood volume as a result of hemorrhage, trauma, bleeding ulcers, burns, or dehydration.
  • 0%
    - by relaxation of the smooth muscl
  • 0%
    -chronic low resting BP -Caused by blood loss, dehydration, anemia
  • 0%
    is a quick and powerful way of altering blood pressure and flow
Q.10.
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
  • 0%
    Arterial end = +3 out Venous end = +3 out
  • 0%
    Artery flows directly into vein bypassing capillaries
  • 0%
    Arterial end = -8 outVenous end = -8 out
  • 0%
    Arterial end = 20 inVenous end = 20 in
Q.11.
drain blood from brain to
  • 0%
    internal jugular vein
  • 0%
    subclavian vein
  • 0%
    Arterial end = 20 inVenous end = 20 in
  • 0%
    aorta and carotid arteries.
Q.12.
Blood Pressure
  • 0%
    -Normal value, young adult: 120/75 mm Hg -Blood pressure (BP) - the force that blood exerts against a vessel wal-Sphygmomanometer and Brachial artery -Pulse pressure
  • 0%
    -Weak point in an artery or the heart wall-Most common sites: abdominal aorta, renal arteries, and arterial circle at the base of the brain
  • 0%
    minimum arterial BP taken during ventricular relaxation (diastole) between heart beats
  • 0%
    peak arterial BP taken during ventricular contraction (ventricular systole)
Q.13.
The fluids leave the capillaries at the arterial end because?
  • 0%
    celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, renal arteries, gonadal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, and common iliac arteries.
  • 0%
    D. Central venous pressure being greater than pressure in the venules
  • 0%
    the net filtration pressure of the blood is higher at the arterial end than it is at the venous end.
  • 0%
    The opposition to flow that blood encounters in vessels away from the heart
Q.14.
The most important force driving reabsorption at the venous end of a capillary is
  • 0%
    blood colloid osmotic pressure.
  • 0%
    C. increased blood pressure
  • 0%
    draws fluid into capillary
  • 0%
    the great saphenous vein
Q.15.
Blood flow to the _______________ remains quite stable even when mean arterial pressure (MAP) fluctuates from 60 to 140 mm Hg.
  • 0%
    considerably lower
  • 0%
    hypothalamus
  • 0%
    the vagus nerve.
  • 0%
    the great saphenous vein
Q.16.
Three primary causes of Edema
  • 0%
    occurs when cardiac output is low because too little blood is returning to the heart.
  • 0%
    C. increased blood pressure
  • 0%
    - smallest arteries • Control amount of blood to various organs* - are most significant point of control over peripheral resistance and flow -Arterioles produce half of the total peripheral resistance
  • 0%
    - Increased capillary filtration • Kidney failure, histamine release, old age, poor venous return - Reduced capillary absorption • Hypoproteinemia, liver disease, dietary protein deficiency - Obstructed lymphatic drainage • Surgical removal of lymph node
Q.17.
Baroreceptors are located in the.?
  • 0%
    supplies 80% of the cerebrum
  • 0%
    aorta and carotid arteries.
  • 0%
    medulla oblongata.
  • 0%
    Arterial end = 30 out Venous end = 10 out
Q.18.
Exercise increases venous return in many ways:
  • 0%
    occurs when any object, such as a growing tumor or aneurysm, compresses a vein and impedes its blood flow.
  • 0%
    occurs when cardiac output is low because too little blood is returning to the heart.
  • 0%
    - Increased CO and BP - Increased respiratory rate (thoracic pump) - Increased skeletal muscle pump
  • 0%
    - Two arteries merge - Collateral (alternative) routes of blood supply - Coronary circulation and around joints
Q.19.
Blood Hydrostatic pressures (BHP
  • 0%
    draws fluid into capillary
  • 0%
    Arterial end = 28 in Venous end = 28 in
  • 0%
    Arterial end = -8 outVenous end = -8 out
  • 0%
    drives fluid out of capillary (major force)
Q.20.
Hypotension
  • 0%
    -Tissue necrosis, pulmonary and cerebral edema, circulatory shock
  • 0%
    is produced by a loss of blood volume as a result of hemorrhage, trauma, bleeding ulcers, burns, or dehydration.
  • 0%
    high blood pressure Chronic is resting BP > 140/90 Can weaken small arteries and cause aneurysms
  • 0%
    -chronic low resting BP -Caused by blood loss, dehydration, anemia
Q.21.
Venous pooling occurs with inactivity
  • 0%
    1. Local control 2. Neural control 3. Hormonal control
  • 0%
    - Venous pressure low- Prolonged standing - Jet pilot pressure suit
  • 0%
    the heart beats faster and harder, increasing cardiac output and blood pressure.
  • 0%
    D. Central venous pressure being greater than pressure in the venules
Q.22.
Arterial anastomosis
  • 0%
    is produced by a loss of blood volume as a result of hemorrhage, trauma, bleeding ulcers, burns, or dehydration.
  • 0%
    - Two arteries merge - Collateral (alternative) routes of blood supply - Coronary circulation and around joints
  • 0%
    - Increased CO and BP - Increased respiratory rate (thoracic pump) - Increased skeletal muscle pump
  • 0%
    peak arterial BP taken during ventricular contraction (ventricular systole)
Q.23.
This is the longest vein, and portions of this vein are commonly used as grafts in coronary bypass surgery.
  • 0%
    the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves.
  • 0%
    the vagus nerve.
  • 0%
    the great saphenous vein
  • 0%
    The first, second, and third choices are correct
Q.24.
Peripheral Resistance
  • 0%
    the heart beats faster and harder, increasing cardiac output and blood pressure.
  • 0%
    peak arterial BP taken during ventricular contraction (ventricular systole)
  • 0%
    The opposition to flow that blood encounters in vessels away from the heart
  • 0%
    -Tissue necrosis, pulmonary and cerebral edema, circulatory shock
Q.25.
Neurogenic shock
  • 0%
    - Most common - One vein empties directly into another - Vein blockage less serious
  • 0%
    -chronic low resting BP -Caused by blood loss, dehydration, anemia
  • 0%
    is produced by a loss of blood volume as a result of hemorrhage, trauma, bleeding ulcers, burns, or dehydration.
  • 0%
    is a form of venous pooling shock that results from a sudden loss of vasomotor tone, allowing the vessels to dilate.
Q.26.
Vessel changes names as passes to different regions
  • 0%
    Arterial end = -8 outVenous end = -8 out
  • 0%
    Subclavian to axillary to brachial to radial and ulnar
  • 0%
    subclavian vein
  • 0%
    D. Central venous pressure being greater than pressure in the venules
Q.27.
Arteriovenous anastomosis (shunt)
  • 0%
    Artery flows directly into vein bypassing capillaries
  • 0%
    Arterial end = 20 inVenous end = 20 in
  • 0%
    Arterial end = +3 out Venous end = +3 out
  • 0%
    Arterial end = -8 outVenous end = -8 out
Q.28.
Veins
  • 0%
    Greater capacity for blood than arterie
  • 0%
    receives most of the blood from the brain
  • 0%
    Arterial end = -8 outVenous end = -8 out
  • 0%
    wrap around capillaries and contract, regulating blood flow
Q.29.
Approximately what percent of fluid that exits the capillaries at the arterial end renters the capillaries at the venous end?
  • 0%
    90%
  • 0%
    tunica externa; vasa vasorum
  • 0%
    blood pressure.
  • 0%
    hypothalamus
Q.30.
Hypovolemic shock
  • 0%
    high blood pressure Chronic is resting BP > 140/90 Can weaken small arteries and cause aneurysms
  • 0%
    is produced by a loss of blood volume as a result of hemorrhage, trauma, bleeding ulcers, burns, or dehydration.
  • 0%
    is a form of venous pooling shock that results from a sudden loss of vasomotor tone, allowing the vessels to dilate.
  • 0%
    occurs when bacterial toxins trigger vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.
Q.31.
Net filtration or reabsorption pressure
  • 0%
    Arterial end = -8 outVenous end = -8 out
  • 0%
    Arterial end = 28 in Venous end = 28 in
  • 0%
    Arterial end = 13 outVenous end = 7 in
  • 0%
    Arterial end = 30 out Venous end = 10 out
Q.32.
Colloid osmotic pressures (COP) or oncotic pressure
  • 0%
    blood colloid osmotic pressure.
  • 0%
    drives fluid out of capillary (major force)
  • 0%
    Arterial end = 28 in Venous end = 28 in
  • 0%
    draws fluid into capillary
Q.33.
Internal carotid artery (ICA)
  • 0%
    Arterial end = 28 in Venous end = 28 in
  • 0%
    Arterial end = +3 out Venous end = +3 out
  • 0%
    supplies most external head structures
  • 0%
    supplies 80% of the cerebrum
Q.34.
Colloid osmotic pressures (COP) Tissue fluid
  • 0%
    aorta and carotid arteries.
  • 0%
    the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves.
  • 0%
    drain the external structures of the head
  • 0%
    Arterial end = -8 outVenous end = -8 out
Q.35.
Oncotic pressure (net COP)
  • 0%
    Arterial end = -8 outVenous end = -8 out
  • 0%
    peak arterial BP taken during ventricular contraction (ventricular systole)
  • 0%
    Arterial end = +3 out Venous end = +3 out
  • 0%
    Arterial end = 20 inVenous end = 20 in
Q.36.
From superior to inferior, the major branches of the abdominal aorta are
  • 0%
    • Biggest arteries • Aorta, common carotid, subclavian, pulmonary trunk, and common iliac arteries • Much elastic tissue • Greatest pulse pressure
  • 0%
    -Normal value, young adult: 120/75 mm Hg -Blood pressure (BP) - the force that blood exerts against a vessel wal-Sphygmomanometer and Brachial artery -Pulse pressure
  • 0%
    - Raise or lower BP throughout the whole body - Re-routing blood from one region to another for perfusion of individual organs (Rest vs. Exercise
  • 0%
    celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, renal arteries, gonadal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, and common iliac arteries.
Q.37.
Colloid osmotic pressures (COP) Blood
  • 0%
    the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves.
  • 0%
    Artery flows directly into vein bypassing capillaries
  • 0%
    Arterial end = 28 in Venous end = 28 in
  • 0%
    Arterial end = 20 inVenous end = 20 in
Q.38.
Upper limb is drained by
  • 0%
    medulla oblongata.
  • 0%
    veins
  • 0%
    subclavian vein
  • 0%
    supplies 80% of the cerebrum
Q.39.
Systolic pressure
  • 0%
    peak arterial BP taken during ventricular contraction (ventricular systole)
  • 0%
    minimum arterial BP taken during ventricular relaxation (diastole) between heart beats
  • 0%
    link arterioles to capillaries
  • 0%
    - Two arteries merge - Collateral (alternative) routes of blood supply - Coronary circulation and around joints
Q.40.
Arterioles
  • 0%
    - Raise or lower BP throughout the whole body - Re-routing blood from one region to another for perfusion of individual organs (Rest vs. Exercise
  • 0%
    - smallest arteries • Control amount of blood to various organs* - are most significant point of control over peripheral resistance and flow -Arterioles produce half of the total peripheral resistance
  • 0%
    • Biggest arteries • Aorta, common carotid, subclavian, pulmonary trunk, and common iliac arteries • Much elastic tissue • Greatest pulse pressure
  • 0%
    - Increased capillary filtration • Kidney failure, histamine release, old age, poor venous return - Reduced capillary absorption • Hypoproteinemia, liver disease, dietary protein deficiency - Obstructed lymphatic drainage • Surgical removal of lymph node
Q.41.
Internal jugular vein
  • 0%
    receives most of the blood from the brain
  • 0%
    supplies 80% of the cerebrum
  • 0%
    Arterial end = +3 out Venous end = +3 out
  • 0%
    supplies most external head structures
Q.42.
Caused by 3 factors of Peripheral Resistance are
  • 0%
    - Blood viscosity • Anemia and hypoproteinemia speed flow • Polycythemia and dehydration slow flow - Vessel length • The farther the liquid travels through a tube = more friction • Pressure and flow decline with distance - Vessel radius - most powerful influence over flow • Only significant way of controlling peripheral resistance. • Vasomotion
  • 0%
    -Tissue necrosis, pulmonary and cerebral edema, circulatory shock
  • 0%
    draws fluid into capillary
  • 0%
    the net filtration pressure of the blood is higher at the arterial end than it is at the venous end.
Q.43.
Anaphylactic shock
  • 0%
    is caused by inadequate pumping by the heart, usually as a result of myocardial infarction.
  • 0%
    occurs when bacterial toxins trigger vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.
  • 0%
    results from exposure to an antigen to which a person is allergic, such as bee venom.
  • 0%
    -Tissue necrosis, pulmonary and cerebral edema, circulatory shock
Q.44.
Metarterioles
  • 0%
    - Two arteries merge - Collateral (alternative) routes of blood supply - Coronary circulation and around joints
  • 0%
    link arterioles to capillaries
  • 0%
    the point where two blood vessels merge
  • 0%
    failure of venous valves
Q.45.
Diastolic pressure
  • 0%
    is caused by inadequate pumping by the heart, usually as a result of myocardial infarction.
  • 0%
    results from exposure to an antigen to which a person is allergic, such as bee venom.
  • 0%
    minimum arterial BP taken during ventricular relaxation (diastole) between heart beats
  • 0%
    - Two arteries merge - Collateral (alternative) routes of blood supply - Coronary circulation and around joints
Q.46.
Low Venous Return (LVR) Shock
  • 0%
    - Increased CO and BP - Increased respiratory rate (thoracic pump) - Increased skeletal muscle pump
  • 0%
    Artery flows directly into vein bypassing capillaries
  • 0%
    is caused by inadequate pumping by the heart, usually as a result of myocardial infarction.
  • 0%
    occurs when cardiac output is low because too little blood is returning to the heart.
Q.47.
- Vasodilation
  • 0%
    is a quick and powerful way of altering blood pressure and flow
  • 0%
    link arterioles to capillaries
  • 0%
    passes between clavicle and 1st rib
  • 0%
    - by relaxation of the smooth muscl
Q.48.
The action potential from the brain to the heart travels along...
  • 0%
    the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves.
  • 0%
    subclavian vein
  • 0%
    the vagus nerve.
  • 0%
    blood colloid osmotic pressure.
Q.49.
Hypertension
  • 0%
    wrap around capillaries and contract, regulating blood flow
  • 0%
    is produced by a loss of blood volume as a result of hemorrhage, trauma, bleeding ulcers, burns, or dehydration.
  • 0%
    is a quick and powerful way of altering blood pressure and flow
  • 0%
    high blood pressure Chronic is resting BP > 140/90 Can weaken small arteries and cause aneurysms
Q.50.
Three ways of controlling vasomotion
  • 0%
    D. Central venous pressure being greater than pressure in the venules
  • 0%
    1. Local control 2. Neural control 3. Hormonal control
  • 0%
    Arterial end = 13 outVenous end = 7 in
  • 0%
    drain the external structures of the head