new commander of the Union Army; delayed many battles for training, but was ineffective in battles; fired and rehired by Lincoln several times

Merrimac (former Union, now Southern Ship) against Monitor (Union ship) led to a draw, but good for North in preventing future naval attacks from South

Vice President of the Confederacy; valued states rights the most

Confederate commercial raider bought from GB that captured over 60 US ships; reparations paid for after war by GB

iron ram ships bought from the British by the Confederacy to use against North; GB decided not to continue selling because wanted to remain neutral

Blockade of Southern Ports by the U.S. navy (actual Anaconda Plan)Divide Confederacy in two by taking control of the Mississippi RiverRaise and train an army of 500,000 to take Richmond, VA

President of the Confederacy; tried to centralize power during the War

Lee forced to surrender to Grant at the court house

Union suffered immense defeat under General Burnside against Lee

paper currency issued by the US treasury

larger population (with immigrants and freedmen)navystable economy (manufacturing) and bankcentral governmentbetter leaders

successful Confederate general; victor at Battle of Bull Run

captured New Orleans as the head of the Union navy

defensive warshorter routes to traveloverseas demand for cotton (not true)more motivation for independence

1866 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that the government had acted improperly in conducting military trials when civilian trials were available

Lincoln's assassinator

in the East, Lees army took the offensive in surprising the Union army at Gettysburg Pennsylvania; however, forced to retreat; bloodiest battle of the war

Confederate diplomats James Mason and John Slidell traveled to GB on the Trent to gain GB support; Union ship captured Mason and Slidell and prisoners of war; angered GB who threatened to support South if not released--Lincoln gave in and let them go

riots in which mostly Irish-American mobs attacked blacks and wealthy whites in response to the draft

Cut off from vital supplies by Southern control; Lincoln announced he was sending food to the garrison and South attacked starting the Civil War

Northerners opposed to the war

led by Union veteran William Tecumseh Sherman, 100,00 men marched through the South burning and destroying everything in their path to crush Southern spirit

requires a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court; suspended by Abraham Lincoln during war to capture suspected spies for the South

Lincoln v. McClellan (Democratic position to end the War)--Lincoln won in a landslide, but the popular vote was close

encouraged states to use the sale of federal land grants to maintain agricultural and technical colleges

official prohibition of slavery in the United States

commander of the South's eastern forces; defeated the Union in the Peninsula Campaign and the Second Battle of Bull Run