In terms of controlling micturition, the somatic nervous system innervates the ________, theparasympathetic nervous system innervates the ________, and the sympathetic nervous systeminnervates the ________.
Which of the following conditions would increase glomerular filtration pressure?
0%
macula densa
0%
The detrusor muscles contract, muscles of the internal urethral sphincter relax, and muscles ofthe external urethral sphincter relax
Q.18.
The diffusion of water across a tubule is driven by differences in ________ across the membrane.
0%
glucose
0%
distal tubule
0%
stretch receptors
0%
OSMOLARITY
Q.19.
Substance X is freely filtered at the glomerulus. 3 mmole X is filtered, 2 mmole X is reabsorbed, and2 mmole X is secreted per minute. How much X is excreted per minute?
0%
basement membrane
0%
INULIN
0%
2 MMOLE
0%
distal tubule
Q.20.
Which of the four Starling forces for glomerular filtration is incorrectly paired with the direction itfavors (filtration or absorption)?
0%
reabsorption
0%
Bowman's capsule oncotic pressure
0%
glomerular filtration rate × plasma concentration of solute
If the glomerular filtration rate is 150 mL/min, renal blood flow is 750 mL/min, and the plasmaconcentration of solute X is 10 ng/mL, then what is the filtration fraction?
0%
reabsorption
0%
juxtamedullary nephrons
0%
PAH
0%
20%
Q.22.
What is the excretion rate/plasma concentration equal to?
0%
macula densa
0%
renal blood flow
0%
clearance
0%
filtration fraction
Q.23.
In tubuloglomerular feedback, an increase in glomerular filtration rate would increase the________, thereby stimulating the release of a paracrine factor from the macula densa that would________.
0%
peritubular and vasa recta, respectively
0%
decrease in surface area of capillaries available for filtration
0%
flow of tubular fluid : constrict the afferent arteriole
0%
Which of the following conditions would increase glomerular filtration pressure?
Q.24.
If the glomerular filtration rate is 150 mL/min, renal blood flow is 750 mL/min, and the plasmaconcentration of solute X is 10 ng/mL, then what is the filtered load of X?
0%
INULIN
0%
1500 ng/min
0%
secretion into the renal tubules
0%
20%
Q.25.
Which layer of the filtration barrier in Bowman's capsule is the primary barrier to the movement ofprotein from the capillary?
0%
detrusor muscle only.
0%
basement membrane
0%
macula densa
0%
C) (PGC +ȱΔBC) - (PBC +ȱΔGC)
Q.26.
Most reabsorption occurs in the ________ and is ________.
0%
apical membrane of renal tubule epithelial cells
0%
Bowman's capsule
0%
secretion into the renal tubules
0%
proximal tubule : not regulated
Q.27.
What is the sum of Starling's forces within the renal corpuscle called?
0%
glomerular filtration pressure
0%
left the filtrate iso-osmotic
0%
glomerular filtration rate × plasma concentration of solute
0%
Bowman's capsule oncotic pressure
Q.28.
Which equation describes the calculation of glomerular filtration pressure (BC = Bowman's capsuleand GC = glomerular capillary)?
0%
macula densa cells
0%
C) (PGC +ȱΔBC) - (PBC +ȱΔGC)
0%
secretion into the renal tubules
0%
peritubular and vasa recta, respectively
Q.29.
What are a small percentage of the nephrons in the kidneys that function in the maintenance of theosmotic gradient in the medullary region of the kidney called?
0%
juxtamedullary nephrons
0%
macula densa
0%
glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
0%
glomerular filtration pressure
Q.30.
Which capillaries branch from efferent arterioles of cortical nephrons and which branch fromefferent arterioles of juxtamedullary nephrons?
0%
glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
0%
glomerular filtration pressure
0%
peritubular and vasa recta, respectively
0%
glomerular filtration rate × plasma concentration of solute
Q.31.
Which muscle(s) that regulate(s) micturition is/are under involuntary control?