MCQ Questions
Q.1.
Which of the following leads to the lowest water loss during a day?
  • 0%
    kidneys
  • 0%
    slowly
  • 0%
    feces
  • 0%
    activates parasympathetic output
Q.2.
Kidneys regulate...
  • 0%
    moderates changes in pH
  • 0%
    carbonic anhydrase
  • 0%
    water loss only
  • 0%
    plasma osmolarity
Q.3.
Angiotensin 2 stimulates
  • 0%
    They inhibit the reabsorption of potassium as well as sodium in the loop of Henle.
  • 0%
    thirst, vasoconstriction, and synthesis and release of aldosterone
  • 0%
    increases GFR and inhibits release of renin
  • 0%
    sympathetic output from the cardiovascular control centers to increase
Q.4.
Paracrine feedback form the _________ in the distal tubule to the granular cells stimulates release of ___________.
  • 0%
    ACE inhibitors
  • 0%
    macula densa, renin
  • 0%
    carbonic anhydrase
  • 0%
    metabolic alkalosis.
Q.5.
Which of the following concerning the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide is FALSE?
  • 0%
    kidney secrete fewer hydrogen ions
  • 0%
    reabsorb more potassium ions.
  • 0%
    increases aldosterone secretion.
  • 0%
    inhibition of vasopressin secretions.
Q.6.
The primary route for ion loss from the body is the ______ system.
  • 0%
    vasopressin
  • 0%
    Urinary
  • 0%
    prevent pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids.
  • 0%
    hypothalamus
Q.7.
Which of the following is most likely to be observed in a patient with compensated respiratory alkalosis...
  • 0%
    exocytosis, endocytosis, membrane recycling.
  • 0%
    kidney secrete fewer hydrogen ions
  • 0%
    lose three-dimensional structures.
  • 0%
    activates parasympathetic output
Q.8.
Dehydration may cause some ions to become concentrated. If a person was suffering from severe hyperkalemia, you would expect...
  • 0%
    intercalated
  • 0%
    increased alveolar ventilation.
  • 0%
    abnormal cardiac rhythms.
  • 0%
    activates parasympathetic output
Q.9.
The two organ systems that work together to regulate most aspects of the body's water balance are...
  • 0%
    inhibition of vasopressin secretions.
  • 0%
    increases aldosterone secretion.
  • 0%
    To increase passive reabsorption of water.
  • 0%
    urinary and cardiovascular.
Q.10.
The _________ cells of the distal nephron are interspersed among the principal cells and contribute to acid-base regulation.
  • 0%
    hypothalamus
  • 0%
    Carbon dioxide
  • 0%
    hyperkalemia
  • 0%
    intercalated
Q.11.
The normal pH range for most body fluids is_____.
  • 0%
    ketoacidosis.
  • 0%
    hyperkalemia
  • 0%
    7.38 - 7.42
  • 0%
    vasopressin
Q.12.
The RAS pathway begins with secretion of...
  • 0%
    feces
  • 0%
    renin
  • 0%
    diuresis
  • 0%
    Urinary
Q.13.
Two house before a major surgery is to begin, the patient experience "jitters" and elevated heart rate and blood pressure. These symptoms are the result of...
  • 0%
    macula densa, renin
  • 0%
    metabolic alkalosis.
  • 0%
    inhibitation of vasopressin secretion.
  • 0%
    sympathetic activation.
Q.14.
The hormone that directly controls water reabsorption by he kidneys is...
  • 0%
    aldosterone
  • 0%
    vasopressin
  • 0%
    angiotensin 1
  • 0%
    only increases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules.
Q.15.
________ interstitial osmolarity allows urine to be concentrated.
  • 0%
    intercalated
  • 0%
    shrink, increased
  • 0%
    High medullary
  • 0%
    hyperkalemia
Q.16.
The anatomical arrangement of the kidney that allows transfer of solutes from one blood vessel to another is called the...
  • 0%
    exocytosis, endocytosis, membrane recycling.
  • 0%
    intercalated
  • 0%
    countercurrent exchange system
  • 0%
    abnormal cardiac rhythms.
Q.17.
When the pH of body fluids beings to fall, proteins will...
  • 0%
    will still be expelled from the body in the urine
  • 0%
    alkalosis
  • 0%
    lose three-dimensional structures.
  • 0%
    increases aldosterone secretion.
Q.18.
Why do patients taking loop diuretics need to take supplemental potassium?
  • 0%
    They synthesize organic solutes as needed to match the osmolarity.
  • 0%
    They inhibit the reabsorption of potassium as well as sodium in the loop of Henle.
  • 0%
    only increases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules.
  • 0%
    ACE inhibitors
Q.19.
Excess potassium ions are eliminated from the body by the...
  • 0%
    kidneys
  • 0%
    diuresis
  • 0%
    Urinary
  • 0%
    osmosis
Q.20.
The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of H₂O and CO₂ to H₂CO₃ is called...
  • 0%
    plasma osmolarity
  • 0%
    carbonic anhydrase
  • 0%
    angiotensin 1
  • 0%
    shrink, increased
Q.21.
A rise in angiotensin 2 levels would result in increased,
  • 0%
    feces
  • 0%
    ALL OF DEM
  • 0%
    cells to the ECF, and cells will shrink
  • 0%
    hyperkalemia
Q.22.
The venous return is increased, stretch receptors in the atria of the heart are activated. This results in .....
  • 0%
    inhibitation of vasopressin secretion.
  • 0%
    increased alveolar ventilation.
  • 0%
    angiotensin 1
  • 0%
    kidney secrete fewer hydrogen ions
Q.23.
Which of the followin is not true about angiotensin 2?
  • 0%
    lose three-dimensional structures.
  • 0%
    increases aldosterone secretion.
  • 0%
    feces
  • 0%
    activates parasympathetic output
Q.24.
ACE converts
  • 0%
    angiotensin 1
  • 0%
    angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
  • 0%
    activates parasympathetic output
  • 0%
    promotes sodium retention in the kidneys
Q.25.
Decreased ECF volume causes...
  • 0%
    stimulates the kidneys to conserve water.
  • 0%
    sympathetic activation.
  • 0%
    sympathetic output from the cardiovascular control centers to increase
  • 0%
    CNS depression and confusion and disorientation.
Q.26.
When a body is dehydrated, water in the urinary bladder
  • 0%
    will still be expelled from the body in the urine
  • 0%
    lose three-dimensional structures.
  • 0%
    reabsorb more potassium ions.
  • 0%
    cells to the ECF, and cells will shrink
Q.27.
A person who suffers from hyperventilation will exhibit signs of...
  • 0%
    activates parasympathetic output
  • 0%
    reabsorb more potassium ions.
  • 0%
    respiratory alkalosis
  • 0%
    respiratory acidosis
Q.28.
Aldosterone....
  • 0%
    promotes sodium retention in the kidneys
  • 0%
    CNS depression and confusion and disorientation.
  • 0%
    angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
  • 0%
    cells to the ECF, and cells will shrink
Q.29.
A buffer...
  • 0%
    moderates changes in pH
  • 0%
    promotes sodium retention in the kidneys
  • 0%
    stimulates the kidneys to conserve water.
  • 0%
    controlled by centers in the hypothalamus and triggered by increased osmolarity.
Q.30.
The primary osmoreceptors are located in the...
  • 0%
    osmosis
  • 0%
    Urinary
  • 0%
    prevent pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids.
  • 0%
    hypothalamus
Q.31.
Cell volume in most cells is dependent upon careful regulation of...
  • 0%
    increases aldosterone secretion.
  • 0%
    osmolarity of extracellular fluid
  • 0%
    cells to the ECF, and cells will shrink
  • 0%
    inhibition of vasopressin secretions.
Q.32.
Atrial natriuretic peptide...
  • 0%
    To increase passive reabsorption of water.
  • 0%
    increases GFR and inhibits release of renin
  • 0%
    increased alveolar ventilation.
  • 0%
    increases aldosterone secretion.
Q.33.
Osmoreceptors depolarize after they _______ in response to _______ plasma osmolarity.
  • 0%
    ACE inhibitors
  • 0%
    aldosterone
  • 0%
    shrink, increased
  • 0%
    blood vessels.
Q.34.
The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of ...
  • 0%
    carbonic anhydrase
  • 0%
    hypothalamus
  • 0%
    plasma osmolarity
  • 0%
    angiotensin 1
Q.35.
An explorer has been lost in the desert for two days with very little water. As a result, you would expect to observe...
  • 0%
    inhibitation of vasopressin secretion.
  • 0%
    increased alveolar ventilation.
  • 0%
    Elevated vasopressin levels.
  • 0%
    carbonic anhydrase
Q.36.
Thirst is...
  • 0%
    controlled by centers in the hypothalamus and triggered by increased osmolarity.
  • 0%
    Low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron and a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule.
  • 0%
    promotes sodium retention in the kidneys
  • 0%
    moderates changes in pH
Q.37.
Water reabsorption by the kidneys is a result of...
  • 0%
    alkalosis
  • 0%
    osmosis
  • 0%
    kidneys
  • 0%
    slowly
Q.38.
The primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to...
  • 0%
    prevent pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids.
  • 0%
    both glycogen breakdown and protein breakdown
  • 0%
    hypothalamus
  • 0%
    only increases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules.
Q.39.
Stimuli for the activation of the RAS pathway include...
  • 0%
    will still be expelled from the body in the urine
  • 0%
    CNS depression and confusion and disorientation.
  • 0%
    Low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron and a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule.
  • 0%
    activates parasympathetic output
Q.40.
Which effect would a decrease in pH have on the amount of potassium ion in the urine?
  • 0%
    feces
  • 0%
    aldosterone
  • 0%
    Decrease
  • 0%
    alkalosis
Q.41.
The osmolarity in the deepest part of the loop of Henle is _______ mOsM.
  • 0%
    1200
  • 0%
    vasopressin
  • 0%
    Urinary
  • 0%
    feces
Q.42.
Renal tubule cells in the kidney medulla are constantly exposed to high extracellular osmolarity. How do they maintain normal cell volume?
  • 0%
    both glycogen breakdown and protein breakdown
  • 0%
    only increases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules.
  • 0%
    thirst, vasoconstriction, and synthesis and release of aldosterone
  • 0%
    They synthesize organic solutes as needed to match the osmolarity.
Q.43.
Symptoms of low plasma pH may include...
  • 0%
    CNS depression and confusion and disorientation.
  • 0%
    increases GFR and inhibits release of renin
  • 0%
    only increases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules.
  • 0%
    prevent pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids.
Q.44.
Shrinkage of hepatocytes in the liver causes them to cause which of the following?
  • 0%
    both glycogen breakdown and protein breakdown
  • 0%
    increases aldosterone secretion.
  • 0%
    inhibitation of vasopressin secretion.
  • 0%
    will still be expelled from the body in the urine
Q.45.
In a response to a rapid increase of organic acid in the body, you would expect to observe...
  • 0%
    increases aldosterone secretion.
  • 0%
    urinary and cardiovascular.
  • 0%
    increased alveolar ventilation.
  • 0%
    abnormal cardiac rhythms.
Q.46.
When the pH rises above 7.42, a state of _________ exists.
  • 0%
    reabsorb more potassium ions.
  • 0%
    alkalosis
  • 0%
    diuresis
  • 0%
    angiotensin 1
Q.47.
A person who suffers from emphysema will exhibit signs of ...
  • 0%
    hyperkalemia
  • 0%
    respiratory acidosis
  • 0%
    macula densa, renin
  • 0%
    reabsorb more potassium ions.
Q.48.
Elisabeth Kubler Ross believed that when a person is dying of a terminal illness, depression is
  • 0%
    It is not uncommon for for americans to reach adulthood without having seen someone die.
  • 0%
    Denial and isolation.
  • 0%
    Know that they are dying.
  • 0%
    Part of the normal process of detaching the self from love objects.
Q.49.
Traditional Amish and Jewish cultures are similar in how they cope with death in that they both
  • 0%
    Provide a lot of community support for the family over several months.
  • 0%
    produce more intense feelings in servivors than if the person died of a long illness.
  • 0%
    Part of the normal process of detaching the self from love objects.
  • 0%
    All electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time.
Q.50.
In Harrington & Smith's study of patients with advanced cancer. only _____ of doctors told patients how long they were likely to live.
  • 0%
    Passive
  • 0%
    Part of the normal process of detaching the self from love objects.
  • 0%
    37 percent
  • 0%
    Denial and isolation.
Q.51.
What is the leading cause of infant death in the united states?
  • 0%
    Passive
  • 0%
    Know that they are dying.
  • 0%
    It is not uncommon for for americans to reach adulthood without having seen someone die.
  • 0%
    SIDS
Q.52.
Which of the following is true of the American attitude toward death.
  • 0%
    It is not uncommon for for americans to reach adulthood without having seen someone die.
  • 0%
    SIDS
  • 0%
    Part of the normal process of detaching the self from love objects.
  • 0%
    Know that they are dying.
Q.53.
Turning off a respirator or a heart lung machine is an example of _____ euthanasia.
  • 0%
    37 percent
  • 0%
    Passive
  • 0%
    SIDS
  • 0%
    Denial and isolation.
Q.54.
Most psychologist believe that it is best for dying individuals to
  • 0%
    SIDS
  • 0%
    Know that they are dying.
  • 0%
    It is not uncommon for for americans to reach adulthood without having seen someone die.
  • 0%
    Denial and isolation.