MCQ Questions
Q.1.
an emotional tie with another person; shown in infants by their seeking closeness with caregivers and displaying distress upon separation
-
0%
attachment
-
0%
maturation
-
0%
temperament
-
0%
imprinting
Q.2.
stage of moral development wherein individuals use abstract reasoning to determine right from wrong, often by citing agreed-upon rights (e.g. "the right to live") or personal ethical principles
-
0%
postconventional
-
0%
Lawrence Kohlberg
-
0%
conservation
-
0%
conventional
Q.3.
in Erikson's model, this attitude develops as a result of secure attachment; babies come to view the world as safe & predictable and believe that others will reliably meet their needs
-
0%
temperament
-
0%
basic trust
-
0%
conservation
-
0%
testosterone
Q.4.
used moral dilemmas to assess moral thinking in children; most well-known for his description of levels of morality (preconventional, conventional, postconventional)
-
0%
Lawrence Kohlberg
-
0%
secure attachment
-
0%
anxious attachment
-
0%
postconventional
Q.5.
an umbrella term describing people whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth sex
-
0%
pruning
-
0%
transgender
-
0%
authoritarian
-
0%
maturation
Q.6.
male sex hormone; both males and females have it, but additional amounts of it in males stimulates growth of male reproductive organs in a fetus and development of male characteristics during puberty
-
0%
preconventional
-
0%
authoritative
-
0%
basic trust
-
0%
testosterone
Q.7.
The sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two; males have one.
-
0%
testosterone
-
0%
habituation
-
0%
X chromosome
-
0%
Y chromosome
Q.8.
physical (or biological) process of growth; believed to occur in mostly universal sequence, though timing varies from individual to individual
-
0%
attachment
-
0%
imprinting
-
0%
accommodation
-
0%
maturation
Q.9.
involves remembering events from the past or previously learned information; not as vulnerable to age-related declines
-
0%
prospective memory
-
0%
Mark Rosenzweig
-
0%
Moro reflex
-
0%
retrospective memory
Q.10.
cognitive feature of preoperational children; unconstrained by adult understandings of reality, they may believe, for example, that it is possible to turn into a racecar
-
0%
magical thinking
-
0%
egocentrism
-
0%
animism
-
0%
object permanence
Q.11.
belief, often demonstrated by preoperational children, that inanimate objects have thoughts and feelings
-
0%
magical thinking
-
0%
egocentrism
-
0%
animism
-
0%
object permanence
Q.12.
founder of the APA; known for his work in developmental psych, particularly for defining adolescence as a period of "storm and stress"
-
0%
G. Stanley Hall
-
0%
Lev Vygotsky
-
0%
Jean Piaget
-
0%
Erik Erikson
Q.13.
support of learning allows students to complete tasks they are not able to complete independently
-
0%
accommodation
-
0%
moro reflex
-
0%
temperament
-
0%
scaffolding
Q.14.
4th stage in Erikson's model; children must master the skills valued by their society or feel inferior
-
0%
generativity v. stagnation
-
0%
trust v. mistrust
-
0%
industry v. inferiority
-
0%
intimacy v. isolation
Q.15.
A person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.
-
0%
scaffolding
-
0%
temperament
-
0%
maturation
-
0%
attachment
Q.16.
An age-related disorder caused by brain dysfunction that affects thinking processes, memory, consciousness, and perception. Formerly called "dementia".
-
0%
alzheimer's disease
-
0%
retrospective memory
-
0%
menopause
-
0%
neurocognitive disorder
Q.17.
most famous for his 4-stage model of cognitive development
-
0%
Erik Erikson
-
0%
Lev Vygotsky
-
0%
Carol Gilligan
-
0%
Jean Piaget
Q.18.
time frame during which exposure to a particular stimulus must take place in order for proper development to occur
-
0%
social clock
-
0%
menopause
-
0%
critical period
-
0%
theory of mind
Q.19.
in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to 2) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their impressions and motor activities
-
0%
interaction
-
0%
sensorimotor
-
0%
authoritative
-
0%
formal operational
Q.20.
study in which people of different ages are compared with one another
-
0%
longitudinal study
-
0%
scaffolding
-
0%
cross-sectional study
-
0%
fluid intelligence
Q.21.
stage in prenatal development from conception to 2 weeks
-
0%
schema
-
0%
fetus
-
0%
teratogens
-
0%
zygote
Q.22.
an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior
-
0%
norms
-
0%
role
-
0%
gender
-
0%
temperament
Q.23.
A disorder characterized by deficits in social relatedness and communication skills that are often accompanied by repetitive, ritualistic behavior.
-
0%
autism spectrum disorder
-
0%
animism
-
0%
neurocognitive disorder
-
0%
social development theory
Q.24.
the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role
-
0%
gender role
-
0%
gender schema theory
-
0%
gender-typing
-
0%
temperament
Q.25.
parenting style (in Baumrind's model) characterized by low demandingness and high warmth; they submit to their children's desires, make few rules, and use little punishment
-
0%
secure attachment
-
0%
authoritative
-
0%
authoritarian
-
0%
permissive
Q.26.
an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation)
-
0%
authoritarian
-
0%
social identity
-
0%
sexual orientation
-
0%
secure attachment
Q.27.
infant reflex wherein the baby will, when touched on the cheek, turn its head toward the direction of the touch and search for a nipple
-
0%
Babinski reflex
-
0%
stranger anxiety
-
0%
emerging adulthood
-
0%
rooting reflex
Q.28.
refers to persons born with intermediate or atypical combinations of male and female physical characteristics (e.g., both male and female reproductive organs)
-
0%
interaction
-
0%
embryo
-
0%
intersex
-
0%
culture
Q.29.
parenting style (in Baumrind's model) characterized by high demandingness and high warmth; these parents explain reasons for rules and are open to negotiation (with older children)
-
0%
authoritarian
-
0%
permissive
-
0%
authoritative
-
0%
conventional
Q.30.
parenting style (in Baumrind's model)characterized by high levels of demandingness and low warmth; they impose rules and expect obedience
-
0%
authoritative
-
0%
authoritarian
-
0%
preconventional
-
0%
permissive
Q.31.
Nobel Prize-winning researcher famous for his imprinting studies, and for advocating the study of animals in their natural environments
-
0%
Konrad Lorenz
-
0%
Mary Ainsworth
-
0%
generativity v. stagnation
-
0%
autonomy v. shame & doubt
Q.32.
when an object is placed in the baby's mouth, he will begin to suck on it
-
0%
babinski reflex
-
0%
sucking reflex
-
0%
grasping reflex
-
0%
moro reflex
Q.33.
when touched on the palm of the hand, a baby will wrap his fingers tightly around the stimulus
-
0%
grasping reflex
-
0%
babinski reflex
-
0%
moro reflex
-
0%
sucking reflex
Q.34.
The theory that children learn from their cultures a (mental) concept of what it means to be male and female and they adjust their behavior accordingly.
-
0%
temperament
-
0%
gender schema theory
-
0%
social learning theory
-
0%
gender-typing
Q.35.
stage of moral development in which children seek to avoid punishment or gain reward when determining right from wrong
-
0%
cross-sectional study
-
0%
preconventional
-
0%
object permanence
-
0%
authoritarian
Q.36.
set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to be behave
-
0%
norms
-
0%
schema
-
0%
interaction
-
0%
role
Q.37.
5th stage in Erikson's model; adolescents must develop a sense of identity or suffer lack of direction
-
0%
generativity v. stagnation
-
0%
initiative v. guilt
-
0%
intimacy v. isolation
-
0%
identity v. role confusion
Q.38.
stage in prenatal development from 9 weeks to birth
-
0%
teratogens
-
0%
zygote
-
0%
critical period
-
0%
fetus
Q.39.
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development which begins about age 12 and is characterized by the ability to think logically about abstact concepts
-
0%
concrete operational
-
0%
formal operational
-
0%
anxious attachment
-
0%
secure attachment
Q.40.
demonstrated by babies who seem constantly afraid of potential separation from the caregiver; they cling to caregivers in strange settings and display intense distress upon separation
-
0%
anxious attachment
-
0%
secure attachment
-
0%
avoidant attachment
-
0%
imprinting
Q.41.
the inability of preoperational children to group items according to rules or criteria
-
0%
fluid intelligence
-
0%
preconventional
-
0%
avoidant attachment
-
0%
categorization inability
Q.42.
people's ideas about their own and others' mental states (about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict)
-
0%
secure attachment
-
0%
object permanence
-
0%
theory of mind
-
0%
egocentrism
Q.43.
developmental stage proposed by Jeffrey Arnett; period between adolescence and assumption of typical adult roles (18-29, perhaps?)
-
0%
Lawrence Kohlberg
-
0%
emerging adulthood
-
0%
preconventional
-
0%
conventional
Q.44.
When applied to brain development, the process by which unused connections in the brain atrophy and die.
-
0%
maturation
-
0%
pruning
-
0%
imprinting
-
0%
accommodation
Q.45.
one's ability to reason speedily and abstactly; tends to decrease during late adulthood
-
0%
egocentrism
-
0%
stranger anxiety
-
0%
fluid intelligence
-
0%
object permanence
Q.46.
onset of menstruation; key marker of onset of puberty for females
-
0%
menopause
-
0%
maturation
-
0%
menarche
-
0%
secure attachment
Q.47.
the inability of preoperational children to take the perspective of another
-
0%
animism
-
0%
object permanence
-
0%
egocentrism
-
0%
magical thinking
Q.48.
one's sense of being male or female
-
0%
strange situation
-
0%
fluid intelligence
-
0%
sexual orientation
-
0%
gender identity
Q.49.
infant startle response; when alarmed, the baby will fling his limbs outward, then retract them and hold them close to his body
-
0%
Grasping reflex
-
0%
Sucking reflex
-
0%
Moro reflex
-
0%
Babinski reflex
Q.50.
one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
-
0%
crystallized intelligence
-
0%
grasping reflex
-
0%
neurocognitive disorder
-
0%
primary sex characteristics
Q.51.
researcher who developed a model of parenting styles that included authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive
-
0%
Diana Baumrind
-
0%
Mary Ainsworth
-
0%
Harry Harlow
-
0%
Carol Gilligan
Q.52.
In Vygotsky's theory, another person who possesses expertise and can help you learn something
-
0%
More Knowledge Other (MKO)
-
0%
Jean piaget
-
0%
Mary ainsworth
-
0%
Erik erikson
Q.53.
culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement
-
0%
social clock
-
0%
critical period
-
0%
menopause
-
0%
theory of mind
Q.54.
3rd stage in Erikson's model; preschoolers must learn to start and direct creative tasks, or they may feel guilty about asserting themselves
-
0%
trust v. mistrust
-
0%
Mary Ainsworth
-
0%
initiative v. guilt
-
0%
integrity v. despair
Q.55.
when stroked on the bottom of the foot, a baby will spread its toes
-
0%
Grasping reflex
-
0%
Moro reflex
-
0%
Babinski reflex
-
0%
Sucking reflex
Q.56.
moral development studies to follow up Kohlberg. She studied girls and women and found that they did not score as high on his six stage scale because they focused more on relationships rather than laws and principles. Their reasoning was merely different, not better or worse
-
0%
Diana Baumrind
-
0%
Jean Piaget
-
0%
Carol Gilligan
-
0%
Erik Erikson
Q.57.
countered Kohlberg's theory with "Social Intuitionist" theory; believed we make moral choices based on emotional reactions ("moral feeling") not cold logic
-
0%
Lev Vygotsky
-
0%
Erik Erikson
-
0%
Jonathan Haidt
-
0%
Jean Piaget
Q.58.
nonreproductive sexual characteristics that appear as one reaches puberty, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair
-
0%
primary sex characteristics
-
0%
rooting reflex
-
0%
secure attachment
-
0%
secondary sex characteristics
Q.59.
most famous for social development theory (of child cognitive development)
-
0%
Lev Vygotsky
-
0%
Mary Ainsworth
-
0%
Erik Erikson
-
0%
Jean Piaget
Q.60.
awareness that things continue to exist even though they are not perceived; develops at 6-8 months of age
-
0%
accommodation
-
0%
egocentrism
-
0%
stranger anxiety
-
0%
object permanence
Q.61.
The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished. For example, this may contribute to the acquisition of gender roles.
-
0%
scaffolding
-
0%
social learning theory
-
0%
theory of mind
-
0%
gender schema theory
Q.62.
set of expected behaviors for males and females
-
0%
gender-typing
-
0%
androgyny
-
0%
gender role
-
0%
gender
Q.63.
demonstrated when infants seem to view their caregiver as a "secure base" for exploration, seeking closeness to him/her and being upset at separation.
-
0%
object permanence
-
0%
avoidant attachment
-
0%
secure attachment
-
0%
egocentrism
Q.64.
A medical condition in which body deformation or facial development or mental ability of a fetus is impaired because the mother drank alcohol while pregnant
-
0%
retrospective memory
-
0%
Lawrence Kohlberg
-
0%
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
-
0%
secondary sex characteristics
Q.65.
6th stage in Erikson's model; young adults must form close, satisfying relationships or suffer loneliness
-
0%
trust v. mistrust
-
0%
intimacy v. isolation
-
0%
industry v. inferiority
-
0%
generativity v. stagnation
Q.66.
A research approach that follows a group of people over time to determine change or stability in behavior.
-
0%
androgyny
-
0%
longitudinal study
-
0%
cross-sectional study
-
0%
imprinting
Q.67.
demonstrated by babies who seem to avoid contact and closeness with caregivers
-
0%
secure attachment
-
0%
stranger anxiety
-
0%
avoidant attachment
-
0%
anxious attachment
Q.68.
2nd stage in Erikson's model; toddlers must be able to exercise some independence or will be ashamed and uncertain of their abilities
-
0%
integrity v. despair
-
0%
industry v. inferiority
-
0%
autonomy v. shame & doubt
-
0%
trust v. mistrust
Q.69.
In Vygotsky's theory, the context in which learning takes place; the gap between when a child can accomplish with assistance and when he can do something independently
-
0%
preoperational
-
0%
sensorimotor
-
0%
zone of proximal development
-
0%
concrete operational
Q.70.
sex characteristics present at birth; the body structures that make sexual reproduction possible
-
0%
Mark Rosenzweig
-
0%
crystallized intelligence
-
0%
strange situation
-
0%
primary sex characteristics
Q.71.
fear of people other than those with whom the infant is familiar; appears around 8 months and peaks at 13 months
-
0%
imprinting
-
0%
stranger anxiety
-
0%
egocentrism
-
0%
object permanence