Gram-positive bacteria have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan than gram-negative bacteria.
0%
True
0%
False
Q.3.
The most widely accepted current model for membrane structures is called the __________ model.
0%
Peptidoglycan
0%
Peripheral
0%
fluid mosaic
0%
Acidophiles
Q.4.
Eukaryotic ribosomes are known as _____ ribosomes, based on their sedimentation coefficient.
0%
Complex
0%
False
0%
True
0%
80S
Q.5.
Lipids with polar and nonpolar ends are said to be
0%
Spirilla
0%
Thermophilic
0%
amphipathic
0%
spirochetes.
Q.6.
Transport of two different substances can be linked. If the transport is in the same direction it is called __________; if the transport is in opposite directions it is called __________.
0%
Peptidoglycan
0%
Sporulation
0%
Halophilic
0%
Symport, antiport
Q.7.
In the Gram-staining procedure, the primary stain is
0%
Peptidoglycan
0%
Crystal Violet
0%
Spirilla
0%
amphipathic
Q.8.
Who is credited with developing and documenting the first vaccination procedure against smallpox?
0%
Developed the drug Salvarsan to treat syphilis
0%
Active transport
0%
False
0%
Edward Jenner
Q.9.
Organisms that require high levels of sodium chloride in order to grow are called __________ organisms.
0%
amphipathic
0%
Endospores
0%
Hydrophilic
0%
Halophilic
Q.10.
Who of the following developed a set of criteria that could be used to establish a causative link between a particular microorganism and a particular disease?
0%
Edward Jenner
0%
Koch
0%
Discovered genetic transformation - The process by which bacteria can take up "naked" DNA from their environment
0%
False
Q.11.
Although penicillin inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis, bacterial cells will continue to grow normally in the presence of penicillin in a(n) __________ environment.
0%
Endotoxin
0%
fluid mosaic
0%
Safranin
0%
isotonic
Q.12.
A strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae has undergone a mutation and is no longer able to make pili. Predict the most likely outc
0%
The presence of membrane-delimited organelles within the cytoplasm
0%
-Lower pH-Low water content of endospores-Spore coat-Presence of calcium dipicolinate
0%
The bacteria will become less virulent and will not be able to readily establish infection.
0%
Most archaeal cells have a cell wall, but it is not composed of peptidoglycan.
Q.13.
Nutrients can be concentrated from dilute solutions by
0%
Transmission electron microscope
0%
active transport and group translocation.
0%
Dark-field
0%
Surface structures.
Q.14.
Which bacterial structure may survive if temperatures applied during food preservation processes are too low?
0%
Peptidoglycan
0%
Endotoxin
0%
Spirilla
0%
Endospores
Q.15.
The plasma membrane of eukaryotes contains all of the following EXCEPT
0%
Peptidoglycan
0%
Spontaneous generation
0%
Vibrio
0%
spirochetes.
Q.16.
__________ is the process through which endospores are formed within a vegetative cell.
0%
Symport, antiport
0%
Sporulation
0%
spirochetes.
0%
Acidophiles
Q.17.
Cells with a relatively complex morphology that have a true membrane-delimited nucleus are called
0%
eukaryotes.
0%
pseudomurein
0%
Endospores
0%
fluid mosaic
Q.18.
Griffith
0%
Koch
0%
Discovered genetic transformation - The process by which bacteria can take up "naked" DNA from their environment
0%
discovered the double helix structure of DNA
0%
Active transport
Q.19.
In the Gram-staining procedure, the counterstain is
0%
Spirilla
0%
Safranin
0%
Sporulation
0%
differential staining
Q.20.
Fleming
0%
It is found only in gram-positive bacteria.
0%
Phase-Contrast
0%
active transport and group translocation.
0%
discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin
Q.21.
Pasteur
0%
Most archaeal cells have a cell wall, but it is not composed of peptidoglycan.
0%
-Lower pH-Low water content of endospores-Spore coat-Presence of calcium dipicolinate
0%
Swan-neck flask experimentDisproved spontaneous generationPasteurization and fermentation
0%
spread plates that readily grow anaerobic bacteria.
Q.22.
Viruses
0%
Spontaneous generation
0%
Bacteria and Archaea (Prokaryotes)
0%
differential staining
0%
Acellular and non-living
Q.23.
You discover a new transport system used by a newly discovered bacterial species. The sugars that are transported using this system are phosphorylated as they enter the bacterial cell. You would describe this transport system as a(n) _____.
0%
Edward Jenner
0%
Koch
0%
Facilitated Diffusion
0%
Group translocation
Q.24.
Organisms that grow near deep-sea volcanic vents are likely to be
0%
Thermophilic
0%
Hydrophilic
0%
Halophilic
0%
Acidophiles
Q.25.
An instrument that magnifies slight differences in the refractive index of cell structures is called a (n) __________ microscope.
0%
Endotoxin
0%
Phase-Contrast
0%
dipicolinic acid
0%
Endospores
Q.26.
The Gram-staining procedure is an example of ________________________.
0%
Safranin
0%
differential staining
0%
Surface structures.
0%
Thermophilic
Q.27.
The plasma membrane of eukaryotes contains all of the following
0%
-sterols-sphingolipids.-phosphoglycerides.
0%
-The optimum temperature-The maximum temperature-The minimum temperature
0%
spread plates that readily grow anaerobic bacteria.
0%
Spontaneous generation
Q.28.
Immersion oil increases the amount of light entering the objective lens.
0%
True
0%
False
Q.29.
Small circular DNA molecules capable of replicating and containing genes that are useful but not necessary to the bacterium are called __________.
0%
Halophilic
0%
Transmission electron microscope
0%
Endospores
0%
Plasmids
Q.30.
Bacterial and archaeal ribosomes are known as _____ ribosomes, based on their sedimentation coefficient.
0%
False
0%
80S
0%
70S
0%
True
Q.31.
Endospores are resistant to most environmental stressors because they have _____ complexed with calcium ions which stabilize DNA.
0%
Halophilic
0%
differential staining
0%
Acidophiles
0%
dipicolinic acid
Q.32.
All eukaryotes have a membrane-delimited nucleus.
0%
True
0%
False
Q.33.
Which of the following is considered a cardinal growth temperature?
0%
-The optimum temperature-The maximum temperature-The minimum temperature
0%
spread plates that readily grow anaerobic bacteria.
0%
-Can move materials against a concentration gradient-Use of ATP or a proton gradient as a source of metabolic energy-Saturable uptake rate
0%
It is found only in gram-positive bacteria.
Q.34.
The concept that human and animal diseases are caused by microorganisms is called the
0%
Germ theory
0%
differential staining
0%
Spontaneous generation
0%
Peptidoglycan
Q.35.
The concept that living organisms arise from nonliving material is called
0%
Peptidoglycan
0%
Surface structures.
0%
fluid mosaic
0%
Spontaneous generation
Q.36.
The cell membrane is a rigid structure that provides bacteria with their characteristic shapes.
0%
True
0%
False
Q.37.
A culture in a closed vessel to which no additional medium is added and from which no waste products are removed is called a __________ culture.
0%
Plasmids
0%
Batch
0%
True
0%
False
Q.38.
External structures that are found in Archaea but not Bacteria are _________.
0%
Hami
0%
True
0%
Vibrio
0%
70S
Q.39.
The instrument that produces a bright image of the specimen against a dark background is called a (n) __________ microscope.
0%
Dark-field
0%
Induction
0%
Selective
0%
Acidophiles
Q.40.
Ehrlich
0%
Developed the drug Salvarsan to treat syphilis
0%
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
0%
Koch
0%
Discovered genetic transformation - The process by which bacteria can take up "naked" DNA from their environment
Q.41.
Which of the following structures is NOT found in an endospore?
0%
False
0%
Capsule
0%
Induction
0%
-Can move materials against a concentration gradient-Use of ATP or a proton gradient as a source of metabolic energy-Saturable uptake rate
Q.42.
Bacteria have a region of the cytoplasm known as the __________, which is not bounded by a membrane but contains the chromosome.
0%
isotonic
0%
nucleoid
0%
Complex
0%
Endotoxin
Q.43.
Although developed over 100 years ago, Koch's postulates continue to be used successfully in all known human infectious diseases.
0%
True
0%
False
Q.44.
It was possible to view viruses only after the invention of the electron microscope because they are too small to be seen with a light microscope.
0%
True
0%
False
Q.45.
Molecules or regions of molecules that readily interact with water are said to be __________, whereas molecules or regions of molecules that are insoluble in water or do not readily interact with water are said to be hydrophobic.
0%
spirochetes.
0%
Symport, antiport
0%
pseudomurein
0%
Hydrophilic
Q.46.
Which of the following are part of the process by which an endospore transforms to become a vegetative cell?
0%
-They retain water and help prevent desiccation of the bacteria.-They help bacteria escape phagocytosis by host cells.-They prevent entry of many bacterial viruses.
0%
-Outgrowth-Activation-Germination
0%
It is found only in gram-positive bacteria.
0%
Peptidoglycan
Q.47.
Watson and Crick
0%
Phase-Contrast
0%
active transport and group translocation.
0%
discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin
0%
discovered the double helix structure of DNA
Q.48.
All of the following are characteristics of spread plates
0%
-acts as a selectively permeable barrier, allowing some molecules to pass while preventing the movement of others.-retains the cytoplasm and its contents.-is the major site of ATP synthesis in aerobes.
0%
-Lower pH-Low water content of endospores-Spore coat-Presence of calcium dipicolinate
0%
-colonies that grow on the surface of the agar.-spread plates that are typically inoculated with a bent glass rod.-specimens that are typically diluted prior to inoculation of a spread plate
0%
Spheroplasts retain their outer membrane but protoplasts do not. Meaning that spheroplast are gram-negative and protoplasts are gram-positive
Q.49.
Gram-positive bacteria have a structurally and chemically more complex cell wall than gram-negative bacteria.
0%
True
0%
False
Q.50.
After the primary stain has been added but before the decolorizer has been used, gram-positive organisms are stained __________ and gram-negative organisms are stained __________.
0%
purple; purple
0%
Symport, antiport
0%
Endotoxin
0%
pleomorphic
Q.51.
All of the following are characteristics of spread plates EXCEPT
0%
-Can move materials against a concentration gradient-Use of ATP or a proton gradient as a source of metabolic energy-Saturable uptake rate
0%
-colonies that grow on the surface of the agar.-spread plates that are typically inoculated with a bent glass rod.-specimens that are typically diluted prior to inoculation of a spread plate
0%
spread plates that readily grow anaerobic bacteria.
0%
Capsule
Q.52.
How do spheroplasts and protosplasts differ?
0%
Spheroplasts retain their outer membrane but protoplasts do not. Meaning that spheroplast are gram-negative and protoplasts are gram-positive
0%
spread plates that readily grow anaerobic bacteria.
0%
-Can move materials against a concentration gradient-Use of ATP or a proton gradient as a source of metabolic energy-Saturable uptake rate
0%
-acts as a selectively permeable barrier, allowing some molecules to pass while preventing the movement of others.-retains the cytoplasm and its contents.-is the major site of ATP synthesis in aerobes.
Q.53.
Bacterial cells that are variable in shape are called
0%
pseudomurein
0%
nucleoid
0%
pleomorphic
0%
isotonic
Q.54.
Endospores represent a challenge to the fields of industrial and medical microbiology because
0%
-acts as a selectively permeable barrier, allowing some molecules to pass while preventing the movement of others.-retains the cytoplasm and its contents.-is the major site of ATP synthesis in aerobes.
0%
-A complex peptidoglycan network -Outer membrane -lipopolysaccharide
0%
Spheroplasts retain their outer membrane but protoplasts do not. Meaning that spheroplast are gram-negative and protoplasts are gram-positive
0%
endospores are resistant to harsh environments, thus allowing survival of endospore-forming organisms under conditions in which non-endospore-forming cells would not survive, and endospore-forming organisms are often dangerous pathogens.
Q.55.
Resolution improves when the wavelength of the illuminating light decreases.
0%
True
0%
False
Q.56.
A growth medium that favors the growth of some microorganisms but inhibits the growth of other microorganisms is a __________ medium.
0%
Selective
0%
eukaryotes.
0%
purple; purple
0%
Endospores
Q.57.
Media containing some ingredients of unknown chemical composition are called __________ media.
0%
nucleoid
0%
eukaryotes.
0%
Complex
0%
True
Q.58.
Penicillin inhibits bacterial growth by preventing the cross-linking during peptidoglycan synthesis. Why does penicillin not inhibit growth of archaeal cells?
0%
Most archaeal cells have a cell wall, but it is not composed of peptidoglycan.
0%
The bacteria will become less virulent and will not be able to readily establish infection.
0%
-The optimum temperature-The maximum temperature-The minimum temperature
0%
Gram-negative bacteria would be unstained
Q.59.
Proteins that are loosely associated with the cytoplasmic membrane are called __________ proteins.
0%
fluid mosaic
0%
Sporulation
0%
pleomorphic
0%
Peripheral
Q.60.
Acid-fast organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis contain __________ constructed from mycolic acids in their cell walls.
0%
Lipids
0%
False
0%
Endospores
0%
Hami
Q.61.
Gram staining divides bacterial species into two groups based on differences in cell wall structure.
0%
True
0%
False
Q.62.
The movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration with the expenditure of energy is called
0%
Active transport
0%
Passive diffusion
0%
active transport and group translocation.
0%
discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin
Q.63.
Three domains of life
0%
False
0%
Active transport
0%
Developed the drug Salvarsan to treat syphilis
0%
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
Q.64.
Which of the following is useful in distinguishing between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
0%
spread plates that readily grow anaerobic bacteria.
0%
The presence of membrane-delimited organelles within the cytoplasm
0%
-They retain water and help prevent desiccation of the bacteria.-They help bacteria escape phagocytosis by host cells.-They prevent entry of many bacterial viruses.
0%
-Can move materials against a concentration gradient-Use of ATP or a proton gradient as a source of metabolic energy-Saturable uptake rate
Q.65.
Which of the following is/are true of capsules?
0%
-Can move materials against a concentration gradient-Use of ATP or a proton gradient as a source of metabolic energy-Saturable uptake rate
0%
The presence of membrane-delimited organelles within the cytoplasm
0%
-They retain water and help prevent desiccation of the bacteria.-They help bacteria escape phagocytosis by host cells.-They prevent entry of many bacterial viruses.
0%
-The optimum temperature-The maximum temperature-The minimum temperature
Q.66.
The term used to describe bacteria that have a spherical shape is
0%
spirochetes.
0%
coccus.
0%
True
0%
Thermophilic
Q.67.
Agar is an excellent solidifying agent for microbiological media because
0%
either there is a balance between cell division and cell death or there is a cessation of cell division even though the cells may remain metabolically active.
0%
spread plates that readily grow anaerobic bacteria.
0%
endospores are resistant to harsh environments, thus allowing survival of endospore-forming organisms under conditions in which non-endospore-forming cells would not survive, and endospore-forming organisms are often dangerous pathogens.
0%
it is not degraded by most microorganisms and solid agar remains solid until the temperature is raised to 90°C, and liquid agar remains liquid if the temperature is lowered to 45°C are correct.
Q.68.
Which of the following is a characteristic of active transport?
0%
-Can move materials against a concentration gradient-Use of ATP or a proton gradient as a source of metabolic energy-Saturable uptake rate
0%
Induction
0%
-They retain water and help prevent desiccation of the bacteria.-They help bacteria escape phagocytosis by host cells.-They prevent entry of many bacterial viruses.
0%
-The optimum temperature-The maximum temperature-The minimum temperature
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