1) Reactions that are both catabolic and anabolic are amphibolic.

12) A(n) __________ is a collection of pigments such as chlorophyll that are used to absorb light in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

8) The purpose of electron transport is to create a proton __________ across a membrane that can then be used to make ATP.

9) Anaerobic respiration involves the use of molecules other than oxygen as the final electron __________ in an electron transport chain.

10) Laboratory fermentation tests often include a pH indicator because many bacteria produce __________ as they ferment carbohydrates.

6) During chemiosmosis, electrons are pumped across a membrane to produce ATP.

4) The __________ point of an enzyme is reached when all active sites have bound substrate molecules.

15) During electron transport in chloroplast thylakoids, protons are pumped outside the thylakoid into a space called the __________.

11) The __________ generate amino acids from carbohydrate precursors and glutamic acid.

2) NAD+ and NADP+ are important examples of both coenzymes and electron carriers.

14) Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by lowering the __________ energy.

13) Waste products such as sulfur are produced by __________ photosynthetic bacteria as they obtain electrons for noncyclic photophosphorylation. `

2) Another term for an organic catalyst is a(n) __________.

7) Electrons are transferred in the Krebs cycle in the form of __________ atoms to NAD+ and FAD.

5) When a noncompetitive inhibitor molecule binds to a(n) __________ site on an enzyme, the shape of the active site changes so that the substrate molecules can no longer bind.

1) ATP is produced by the phosphorylation of __________.

6) During glycolysis, glucose is converted to __________ acid, a molecule that can be used in either fermentation or respiration pathways.

9) Essential amino acids are amino acids that cannot be synthesized by an organism and so must be provided as nutrients.

3) Environmental changes can result in the inactivation of enzymes.