What is the most important hormone for maintaining metabolism and body heat?
0%
-thyroxine (thyroid hormone...tetraiodothyronine or T4)
0%
-enter the target cell-interact with the nucleus
0%
-10^-9 to 10^-12 molar
0%
calcitonin - inhibits osteoblast activity
Q.2.
endocrine glands
0%
-hormone that causes the muscle layer of the uterus (myometrium) to contract during childbirth
0%
-to stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete more TSH
0%
-tissues that have an epithelial origin-secrete hormones into the ECF
0%
-reduction in the quantity of bone -decreased bone mass-increased susceptibility to fractures
Q.3.
Tropic hormones stimulate what?
0%
both ACTH and CRH
0%
follicle-stimulating hormone and calcitonin
0%
-pituitary gland (hypophysis)
0%
-secretion of other hormones
Q.4.
Where is thyroxine secreted?
0%
osteopenia and osteoporosis
0%
-thyroid gland (in the neck)
0%
-pituitary gland (hypophysis)
0%
-peptide-catecholamine
Q.5.
Cushing's syndrome
0%
-decreased cortisol in the blood is caused by gradual destruction of the adrenal cortex and elevated ACTH levels-primary adrenal insufficiency
0%
-if the increased cortisol in the blood is caused by an adrenal gland tumor-iatrogenic-"steroid diabetes": results in hyperglycemia
0%
-hormone produced by the beta cells of the endocrine portion of the pancreas
0%
-peptide hormone -counteracts development of osteoporosis -inhibits osteoclast activity-stimulates calcium uptake and deposition in long bones
Q.6.
Humans are what kind of organisms?
0%
-steroid-thyroxine
0%
-tropic hormone released by the anterior pituitary
0%
-peptide-catecholamine
0%
-homeothermic
Q.7.
anabolism
0%
-breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules via enzymatic reactions-breaking of chemical bonds releases energy that the cell can use
0%
-quantitative measurement of the mineral content of bone-indicator of the structural strength of the bone-screen for osteoporosis
0%
-building up of small molecules into larger molecules via enzymatic reactions-energy is stored in the chemical bonds when larger molecules are formed
0%
-hormone that causes the muscle layer of the uterus (myometrium) to contract during childbirth
Q.8.
thyroidectomized rat
0%
-rat whose pituitary gland has been surgically removed
0%
-rat whose thyroid gland has been surgically removed
0%
-drug that inhibits the production of thyroxine
0%
-female body and homeostasis-stimulation of bone growth and protection against osteoporosis
Q.9.
homeothermic
0%
-decreased cortisol in the blood is caused by gradual destruction of the adrenal cortex and elevated ACTH levels-primary adrenal insufficiency
0%
-need to maintain a fixed body temperature to maintain the activity of the various metabolic pathways in the body
0%
-quantitative measurement of the mineral content of bone-indicator of the structural strength of the bone-screen for osteoporosis
0%
-hormone that stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose which is released back into the blood
Q.10.
physician-induced Cushing's syndrome
0%
-metabolically active-more able to respond to a stimulus
0%
-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
0%
-glucocorticoid hormones (prednisone) are administered to treat rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, or lupus
0%
-impairment or borderline impairment of insulin-mediated glucose uptake by cells
Q.11.
Cortisol is important in the body's response to what?
0%
-stress
0%
-kidneys
0%
-oxytocin
0%
oxytocin
Q.12.
osteoporosis T score
0%
-adrenal cortex
0%
+1 to -0.99
0%
-2.5 and below
0%
-hypothalamus
Q.13.
When the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin, what results?
0%
-enlarges resulting in a goiter
0%
-type 1 diabetes mellitus
0%
-no, the activities are coordinated
0%
-4 experiments-3 rats
Q.14.
Steroid hormones and thyroxine enter what and interact with what?
0%
-enter the target cell-interact with the nucleus
0%
the normal rat and the hypophysectomized
0%
-thyroxine (thyroid hormone...tetraiodothyronine or T4)
0%
-affect the transcription of various proteins that the cell can synthesize
Q.15.
osteopenia T score
0%
-reduction in the quantity of bone -decreased bone mass-increased susceptibility to fractures
0%
-posterior pituitary
0%
-10^-9 to 10^-12 molar
0%
-1.0 to -2.49
Q.16.
The TSH causes the thyroid gland to do what?
0%
-chemical nature of the hormone-receptor location in the target cell
0%
-increase in size-secrete thyroxine into the general circulation
0%
when the transport maximum for reabsorption in the kidney tubules is exceeded, as a result of type 1 diabetes or as a result of type 2 diabetes
0%
-affect the transcription of various proteins that the cell can synthesize
Q.17.
Addison's disease
0%
when the transport maximum for reabsorption in the kidney tubules is exceeded, as a result of type 1 diabetes or as a result of type 2 diabetes
0%
-decreased cortisol in the blood is caused by gradual destruction of the adrenal cortex and elevated ACTH levels-primary adrenal insufficiency
0%
-reduction in the quantity of bone -decreased bone mass-increased susceptibility to fractures
0%
-if the increased cortisol in the blood is caused by an adrenal gland tumor-iatrogenic-"steroid diabetes": results in hyperglycemia
Q.18.
normal T score
0%
-a molecule of ATP
0%
-10^-9 to 10^-12 molar
0%
+1 to -0.99
0%
-steroid hormone
Q.19.
What carries hormones to their target cells?
0%
glycogen
0%
-stress
0%
-blood
0%
-normal
Q.20.
How many experiments will you perform on how many rats?
0%
patients 3 and 5
0%
TSH - posterior pituitary
0%
-4 experiments-3 rats
0%
-posterior pituitary
Q.21.
What are the two forms of metabolism?
0%
-anabolism-catabolism
0%
-fuel for metabolism-stored as glycogen
0%
-steroid-thyroxine
0%
-to stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete more TSH
Q.22.
When circulation levels of thyroxine are low, what happens?
0%
-hypothalamus secretes more TRH
0%
-tropic hormones
0%
-pituitary gland (hypophysis)
0%
estrogen and calcitonin
Q.23.
The TRH stimulates what to produce what?
0%
-metabolically active-more able to respond to a stimulus
0%
-glucocorticoid hormones (prednisone) are administered to treat rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, or lupus
0%
-secretion of thyroxine from the thyroid gland
0%
-stimulates anterior pituitary-produces TSH which then stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroxine
Q.24.
What is an example of a hormone being regulated by positive feedback?
0%
-diabetes
0%
-homeothermic
0%
-loss of bone density (osteoporosis and bone fractures)
0%
-oxytocin
Q.25.
hypercortisolism
0%
-decreased cortisol in the blood is caused by gradual destruction of the adrenal cortex and elevated ACTH levels-primary adrenal insufficiency
0%
-breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules via enzymatic reactions-breaking of chemical bonds releases energy that the cell can use
0%
-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
0%
-increased cortisol in the blood
Q.26.
Insulin is vital to the regulation of what?
0%
-to stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete more TSH
0%
-plasma glucose levels or "blood sugar"
0%
directly proportional to optical density
0%
-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Q.27.
The increase in TSH further stimulates what?
0%
-amount of oxygen the rate consumes per time per body mass
0%
-very close to or very far from the source of the hormone
0%
-secretion of thyroxine from the thyroid gland
0%
-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Q.28.
hypocortisolism
0%
-increased cortisol in the blood
0%
-decreased cortisol in the blood
0%
-breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules via enzymatic reactions-breaking of chemical bonds releases energy that the cell can use
0%
-building up of small molecules into larger molecules via enzymatic reactions-energy is stored in the chemical bonds when larger molecules are formed
Q.29.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
0%
anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus
0%
-posterior pituitary
0%
-anterior pituitary peptide hormone that stimulates ovarian follicle growth
0%
-bind to high-affinity receptors-located on the target cell's surface, in its cytosol, or in its nucleus
Q.30.
secondary adrenal insufficiency
0%
-influences hypothalamus-reduce production of TRH
0%
-low levels of cortisol due to damage to the anterior pituitary-low levels of ACTH
0%
-amount of oxygen the rate consumes per time per body mass
0%
-secretion of thyroxine from the thyroid gland
Q.31.
osteoporosis
0%
-2.5 and below
0%
-anterior pituitary peptide hormone that stimulates ovarian follicle growth
0%
-reduction in the quantity of bone -decreased bone mass-increased susceptibility to fractures
0%
-drug that inhibits the production of thyroxine
Q.32.
How does negative feedback impact hormones?
0%
-female body and homeostasis-stimulation of bone growth and protection against osteoporosis
0%
-affect the transcription of various proteins that the cell can synthesize
0%
-stimulates anterior pituitary-produces TSH which then stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroxine
0%
-if the body needs a particular hormone, the hormone will be produced until there is too much of it-once there is too much of the hormone, its release will be inhibited
Q.33.
How does the TRH travel from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?
0%
-thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
0%
-endocrine system-nervous system
0%
-hypothalamic-pituitary portal system
0%
calcitonin - inhibits osteoblast activity
Q.34.
When the pancreas produces sufficient insulin but the body fails to respond, what results?
0%
-hypothalamus secretes more TRH
0%
-type 2 diabetes mellitus
0%
patients 3 and 5
0%
-release of both ACTH and CRH
Q.35.
The hypothalamus primarily secretes what kind of hormones?
0%
-tropic hormones
0%
spectrophotometer
0%
adrenal cortex
0%
the normal rat
Q.36.
What is one of the effects and potential health problems of menopause?
0%
-investigate the effects of thyroxine and TSH on a rat's metabolic rate
0%
-affect the transcription of various proteins that the cell can synthesize
0%
-loss of bone density (osteoporosis and bone fractures)
0%
calcitonin - inhibits osteoblast activity
Q.37.
Ovarian follicles produce and secrete what?
0%
-blood
0%
-posterior pituitary
0%
glucagon
0%
-estrogen
Q.38.
The metabolic rate will be indicated by what?
0%
-very close to or very far from the source of the hormone
0%
-amount of oxygen the rate consumes per time per body mass
0%
-metabolically active-more able to respond to a stimulus
0%
-influences hypothalamus-reduce production of TRH
Q.39.
examples of slow-acting hormones
0%
-tropic hormone from the hypothalamus
0%
-10^-9 to 10^-12 molar
0%
-ductless endocrine glands
0%
-steroid-thyroxine
Q.40.
The physiological response to hormones can vary depending on what?
0%
-chemical nature of the hormone-receptor location in the target cell
0%
-stimulates anterior pituitary-produces TSH which then stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroxine
0%
-how it will interact with target cells
0%
the normal rat and the hypophysectomized
Q.41.
catabolism
0%
-breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules via enzymatic reactions-breaking of chemical bonds releases energy that the cell can use
0%
-participant in thyroxine and TSH production-primary endocrine gland-secretes several hormones that affect the pituitary gland
0%
-decreased cortisol in the blood is caused by gradual destruction of the adrenal cortex and elevated ACTH levels-primary adrenal insufficiency
0%
-quantitative measurement of the mineral content of bone-indicator of the structural strength of the bone-screen for osteoporosis
Q.42.
examples of fast-acting hormones
0%
-a molecule of ATP
0%
-peptide-catecholamine
0%
-steroid-thyroxine
0%
-4 experiments-3 rats
Q.43.
A hormone-receptor complex can exert a biological action through what?
0%
-signal-transduction cascades and alteration of gene transcription at the target cell
0%
when the transport maximum for reabsorption in the kidney tubules is exceeded, as a result of type 1 diabetes or as a result of type 2 diabetes
0%
-influences hypothalamus-reduce production of TRH
0%
-thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Q.44.
FPG values less than 110 mg/dl is considered what?
0%
-tropic hormones
0%
-kidneys
0%
-normal
0%
the normal rat
Q.45.
Which two body systems coordinates and integrates the functions of different physiological systems?
0%
anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus
0%
-endocrine system-nervous system
0%
-hypothalamus secretes more TRH
0%
-no, the activities are coordinated
Q.46.
Inability of body cells to take up glucose from the blood is also a result from what?
0%
-hypercortisolism caused by an anterior pituitary tumor-increased levels of ACTH
0%
-anabolism-catabolism
0%
-skeletal muscle cells undergoing protein catabolism
0%
-enter the target cell-interact with the nucleus
Q.47.
What does soda lime do?
0%
-adrenal cortex
0%
-C cells in the thyroid gland
0%
-absorbs the carbon dioxide given off by the rat
0%
slow-acting hormone that enters the nucleus
Q.48.
ACTH release is stimulated by what?
0%
-tropic hormone from the hypothalamus
0%
anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus
0%
-ductless endocrine glands
0%
-corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Q.49.
What is the range in the blood for hormone concentration?
0%
-oxytocin
0%
TSH - posterior pituitary
0%
-thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
0%
-10^-9 to 10^-12 molar
Q.50.
Positive or negative feedback is important in regulating hormone secretion, synthesis, and effectiveness at target cells?
0%
-diabetes
0%
patients 2 an 4
0%
-secretion of other hormones
0%
-negative feedback
Q.51.
The endocrine system plays a critical role in maintaining what?
0%
-homeostasis
0%
-tropic hormones
0%
FSH - ovaries
0%
adrenal cortex
Q.52.
Estrogen affects what?
0%
-hormone that causes the muscle layer of the uterus (myometrium) to contract during childbirth
0%
-tissues that have an epithelial origin-secrete hormones into the ECF
0%
-bind to high-affinity receptors-located on the target cell's surface, in its cytosol, or in its nucleus
0%
-female body and homeostasis-stimulation of bone growth and protection against osteoporosis
Q.53.
How much glucose consumed during a meal is stored as glycogen?
0%
-oxytocin
0%
-75%
0%
-blood
0%
patient 3
Q.54.
calcitonin
0%
when the transport maximum for reabsorption in the kidney tubules is exceeded, as a result of type 1 diabetes or as a result of type 2 diabetes
0%
-hormone that causes the muscle layer of the uterus (myometrium) to contract during childbirth
0%
-participant in thyroxine and TSH production-primary endocrine gland-secretes several hormones that affect the pituitary gland
0%
-peptide hormone -counteracts development of osteoporosis -inhibits osteoclast activity-stimulates calcium uptake and deposition in long bones
Q.55.
FPG values between 110 and 126 mg/dl indicate what?
0%
-investigate the effects of thyroxine and TSH on a rat's metabolic rate
0%
-signal-transduction cascades and alteration of gene transcription at the target cell
0%
-impairment or borderline impairment of insulin-mediated glucose uptake by cells
0%
-anterior pituitary peptide hormone that stimulates ovarian follicle growth
Q.56.
propylthiouracil
0%
-drug that inhibits the production of thyroxine
0%
-tissues that have an epithelial origin-secrete hormones into the ECF
0%
-secretion of other hormones
0%
-enter the target cell-interact with the nucleus
Q.57.
When glucose levels in the plasma fall below a certain value, the alpha cells of the pancreas are stimulated to release what?
0%
-oxytocin
0%
glycogen
0%
-negative feedback
0%
-glucagon
Q.58.
The pituitary gland secretes what?
0%
-to stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete more TSH
0%
-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
0%
-steroid-thyroxine
0%
the normal rat and the hypophysectomized
Q.59.
The increased levels of thyroxine influences what to do what?
0%
-enter the target cell-interact with the nucleus
0%
-influences hypothalamus-reduce production of TRH
0%
-metabolically active-more able to respond to a stimulus
0%
-chemical nature of the hormone-receptor location in the target cell
Q.60.
Hormones bind to what and where?
0%
-bind to high-affinity receptors-located on the target cell's surface, in its cytosol, or in its nucleus
0%
-low levels of cortisol due to damage to the anterior pituitary-low levels of ACTH
0%
-TRH: stimulates the release of TSH from the pituitary gland-TSH: stimulates production of thyroxine-ACTH-CRH
0%
-ductless endocrine glands
Q.61.
If TSH levels are too high, what happens to the thyroid gland?
0%
-enlarges resulting in a goiter
0%
the normal rat and the hypophysectomized
0%
-hypothalamus secretes more TRH
0%
-C cells in the thyroid gland
Q.62.
What are examples of tropic hormones?
0%
-metabolically active-more able to respond to a stimulus
0%
-TRH: stimulates the release of TSH from the pituitary gland-TSH: stimulates production of thyroxine-ACTH-CRH
0%
-to stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete more TSH
0%
-tropic hormone released by the anterior pituitary
Q.63.
iatrogenic
0%
-a molecule of ATP
0%
-thyroid gland (in the neck)
0%
-physician induced
0%
-secretion of other hormones
Q.64.
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
0%
-tropic hormone from the hypothalamus
0%
-amount of oxygen the rate consumes per time per body mass
0%
-thyroid gland (in the neck)
0%
-stop producing and secreting estrogen
Q.65.
oxytocin
0%
-female body and homeostasis-stimulation of bone growth and protection against osteoporosis
0%
-reduction in the quantity of bone -decreased bone mass-increased susceptibility to fractures
0%
-quantitative measurement of the mineral content of bone-indicator of the structural strength of the bone-screen for osteoporosis
0%
-hormone that causes the muscle layer of the uterus (myometrium) to contract during childbirth
Q.66.
What was the purpose of this physioex?
0%
-very close to or very far from the source of the hormone
0%
-tissues that have an epithelial origin-secrete hormones into the ECF
0%
-investigate the effects of thyroxine and TSH on a rat's metabolic rate
0%
-amount of oxygen the rate consumes per time per body mass
Q.67.
Where is TRH secreted from?
0%
-posterior pituitary
0%
-homeothermic
0%
-steroid-thyroxine
0%
-hypothalamus
Q.68.
ovariectomized rats
0%
-rats that no longer produce estrogen because their ovaries were surgically removed
0%
-drug that inhibits the production of thyroxine
0%
-very close to or very far from the source of the hormone
0%
-hormone that causes the muscle layer of the uterus (myometrium) to contract during childbirth
Q.69.
The production of thyroxine is controlled by what?
0%
-secretion of other hormones
0%
-how it will interact with target cells
0%
-pituitary gland (hypophysis)
0%
the normal rat and the hypophysectomized
Q.70.
What secretes cortisol?
0%
-2.5 and below
0%
adrenal cortex
0%
patients 2 and 5
0%
-adrenal cortex
Q.71.
Peptide and catecholamine attach to what and cause what?
0%
-TRH: stimulates the release of TSH from the pituitary gland-TSH: stimulates production of thyroxine-ACTH-CRH
0%
-affect the transcription of various proteins that the cell can synthesize
0%
-attach to a plasma-membrane receptor-causes a second-messenger cascade in the cytoplasm of the target cell
0%
-impairment or borderline impairment of insulin-mediated glucose uptake by cells
Q.72.
hypothalamic-pituitary portal system
0%
-specialized arrangement of blood vessels that consists of a single portal vein that connects two capillary beds-transports many hormones from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland
0%
-female body and homeostasis-stimulation of bone growth and protection against osteoporosis
0%
-decreased cortisol in the blood is caused by gradual destruction of the adrenal cortex and elevated ACTH levels-primary adrenal insufficiency
0%
-participant in thyroxine and TSH production-primary endocrine gland-secretes several hormones that affect the pituitary gland
Q.73.
Glucose absorbed from the blood is used for what?
0%
-muscle and liver cells
0%
-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
0%
-fuel for metabolism-stored as glycogen
0%
glycogen
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