MCQ Questions
Q.1.
What is the most important hormone for maintaining metabolism and body heat?
  • 0%
    -thyroxine (thyroid hormone...tetraiodothyronine or T4)
  • 0%
    -enter the target cell-interact with the nucleus
  • 0%
    -10^-9 to 10^-12 molar
  • 0%
    calcitonin - inhibits osteoblast activity
Q.2.
endocrine glands
  • 0%
    -hormone that causes the muscle layer of the uterus (myometrium) to contract during childbirth
  • 0%
    -to stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete more TSH
  • 0%
    -tissues that have an epithelial origin-secrete hormones into the ECF
  • 0%
    -reduction in the quantity of bone -decreased bone mass-increased susceptibility to fractures
Q.3.
Tropic hormones stimulate what?
  • 0%
    both ACTH and CRH
  • 0%
    follicle-stimulating hormone and calcitonin
  • 0%
    -pituitary gland (hypophysis)
  • 0%
    -secretion of other hormones
Q.4.
Where is thyroxine secreted?
  • 0%
    osteopenia and osteoporosis
  • 0%
    -thyroid gland (in the neck)
  • 0%
    -pituitary gland (hypophysis)
  • 0%
    -peptide-catecholamine
Q.5.
Cushing's syndrome
  • 0%
    -decreased cortisol in the blood is caused by gradual destruction of the adrenal cortex and elevated ACTH levels-primary adrenal insufficiency
  • 0%
    -if the increased cortisol in the blood is caused by an adrenal gland tumor-iatrogenic-"steroid diabetes": results in hyperglycemia
  • 0%
    -hormone produced by the beta cells of the endocrine portion of the pancreas
  • 0%
    -peptide hormone -counteracts development of osteoporosis -inhibits osteoclast activity-stimulates calcium uptake and deposition in long bones
Q.6.
Humans are what kind of organisms?
  • 0%
    -steroid-thyroxine
  • 0%
    -tropic hormone released by the anterior pituitary
  • 0%
    -peptide-catecholamine
  • 0%
    -homeothermic
Q.7.
anabolism
  • 0%
    -breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules via enzymatic reactions-breaking of chemical bonds releases energy that the cell can use
  • 0%
    -quantitative measurement of the mineral content of bone-indicator of the structural strength of the bone-screen for osteoporosis
  • 0%
    -building up of small molecules into larger molecules via enzymatic reactions-energy is stored in the chemical bonds when larger molecules are formed
  • 0%
    -hormone that causes the muscle layer of the uterus (myometrium) to contract during childbirth
Q.8.
thyroidectomized rat
  • 0%
    -rat whose pituitary gland has been surgically removed
  • 0%
    -rat whose thyroid gland has been surgically removed
  • 0%
    -drug that inhibits the production of thyroxine
  • 0%
    -female body and homeostasis-stimulation of bone growth and protection against osteoporosis
Q.9.
homeothermic
  • 0%
    -decreased cortisol in the blood is caused by gradual destruction of the adrenal cortex and elevated ACTH levels-primary adrenal insufficiency
  • 0%
    -need to maintain a fixed body temperature to maintain the activity of the various metabolic pathways in the body
  • 0%
    -quantitative measurement of the mineral content of bone-indicator of the structural strength of the bone-screen for osteoporosis
  • 0%
    -hormone that stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose which is released back into the blood
Q.10.
physician-induced Cushing's syndrome
  • 0%
    -metabolically active-more able to respond to a stimulus
  • 0%
    -adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • 0%
    -glucocorticoid hormones (prednisone) are administered to treat rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, or lupus
  • 0%
    -impairment or borderline impairment of insulin-mediated glucose uptake by cells
Q.11.
Cortisol is important in the body's response to what?
  • 0%
    -stress
  • 0%
    -kidneys
  • 0%
    -oxytocin
  • 0%
    oxytocin
Q.12.
osteoporosis T score
  • 0%
    -adrenal cortex
  • 0%
    +1 to -0.99
  • 0%
    -2.5 and below
  • 0%
    -hypothalamus
Q.13.
When the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin, what results?
  • 0%
    -enlarges resulting in a goiter
  • 0%
    -type 1 diabetes mellitus
  • 0%
    -no, the activities are coordinated
  • 0%
    -4 experiments-3 rats
Q.14.
Steroid hormones and thyroxine enter what and interact with what?
  • 0%
    -enter the target cell-interact with the nucleus
  • 0%
    the normal rat and the hypophysectomized
  • 0%
    -thyroxine (thyroid hormone...tetraiodothyronine or T4)
  • 0%
    -affect the transcription of various proteins that the cell can synthesize
Q.15.
osteopenia T score
  • 0%
    -reduction in the quantity of bone -decreased bone mass-increased susceptibility to fractures
  • 0%
    -posterior pituitary
  • 0%
    -10^-9 to 10^-12 molar
  • 0%
    -1.0 to -2.49
Q.16.
The TSH causes the thyroid gland to do what?
  • 0%
    -chemical nature of the hormone-receptor location in the target cell
  • 0%
    -increase in size-secrete thyroxine into the general circulation
  • 0%
    when the transport maximum for reabsorption in the kidney tubules is exceeded, as a result of type 1 diabetes or as a result of type 2 diabetes
  • 0%
    -affect the transcription of various proteins that the cell can synthesize
Q.17.
Addison's disease
  • 0%
    when the transport maximum for reabsorption in the kidney tubules is exceeded, as a result of type 1 diabetes or as a result of type 2 diabetes
  • 0%
    -decreased cortisol in the blood is caused by gradual destruction of the adrenal cortex and elevated ACTH levels-primary adrenal insufficiency
  • 0%
    -reduction in the quantity of bone -decreased bone mass-increased susceptibility to fractures
  • 0%
    -if the increased cortisol in the blood is caused by an adrenal gland tumor-iatrogenic-"steroid diabetes": results in hyperglycemia
Q.18.
normal T score
  • 0%
    -a molecule of ATP
  • 0%
    -10^-9 to 10^-12 molar
  • 0%
    +1 to -0.99
  • 0%
    -steroid hormone
Q.19.
What carries hormones to their target cells?
  • 0%
    glycogen
  • 0%
    -stress
  • 0%
    -blood
  • 0%
    -normal
Q.20.
How many experiments will you perform on how many rats?
  • 0%
    patients 3 and 5
  • 0%
    TSH - posterior pituitary
  • 0%
    -4 experiments-3 rats
  • 0%
    -posterior pituitary
Q.21.
What are the two forms of metabolism?
  • 0%
    -anabolism-catabolism
  • 0%
    -fuel for metabolism-stored as glycogen
  • 0%
    -steroid-thyroxine
  • 0%
    -to stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete more TSH
Q.22.
When circulation levels of thyroxine are low, what happens?
  • 0%
    -hypothalamus secretes more TRH
  • 0%
    -tropic hormones
  • 0%
    -pituitary gland (hypophysis)
  • 0%
    estrogen and calcitonin
Q.23.
The TRH stimulates what to produce what?
  • 0%
    -metabolically active-more able to respond to a stimulus
  • 0%
    -glucocorticoid hormones (prednisone) are administered to treat rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, or lupus
  • 0%
    -secretion of thyroxine from the thyroid gland
  • 0%
    -stimulates anterior pituitary-produces TSH which then stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroxine
Q.24.
What is an example of a hormone being regulated by positive feedback?
  • 0%
    -diabetes
  • 0%
    -homeothermic
  • 0%
    -loss of bone density (osteoporosis and bone fractures)
  • 0%
    -oxytocin
Q.25.
hypercortisolism
  • 0%
    -decreased cortisol in the blood is caused by gradual destruction of the adrenal cortex and elevated ACTH levels-primary adrenal insufficiency
  • 0%
    -breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules via enzymatic reactions-breaking of chemical bonds releases energy that the cell can use
  • 0%
    -adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • 0%
    -increased cortisol in the blood
Q.26.
Insulin is vital to the regulation of what?
  • 0%
    -to stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete more TSH
  • 0%
    -plasma glucose levels or "blood sugar"
  • 0%
    directly proportional to optical density
  • 0%
    -adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Q.27.
The increase in TSH further stimulates what?
  • 0%
    -amount of oxygen the rate consumes per time per body mass
  • 0%
    -very close to or very far from the source of the hormone
  • 0%
    -secretion of thyroxine from the thyroid gland
  • 0%
    -thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Q.28.
hypocortisolism
  • 0%
    -increased cortisol in the blood
  • 0%
    -decreased cortisol in the blood
  • 0%
    -breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules via enzymatic reactions-breaking of chemical bonds releases energy that the cell can use
  • 0%
    -building up of small molecules into larger molecules via enzymatic reactions-energy is stored in the chemical bonds when larger molecules are formed
Q.29.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • 0%
    anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus
  • 0%
    -posterior pituitary
  • 0%
    -anterior pituitary peptide hormone that stimulates ovarian follicle growth
  • 0%
    -bind to high-affinity receptors-located on the target cell's surface, in its cytosol, or in its nucleus
Q.30.
secondary adrenal insufficiency
  • 0%
    -influences hypothalamus-reduce production of TRH
  • 0%
    -low levels of cortisol due to damage to the anterior pituitary-low levels of ACTH
  • 0%
    -amount of oxygen the rate consumes per time per body mass
  • 0%
    -secretion of thyroxine from the thyroid gland
Q.31.
osteoporosis
  • 0%
    -2.5 and below
  • 0%
    -anterior pituitary peptide hormone that stimulates ovarian follicle growth
  • 0%
    -reduction in the quantity of bone -decreased bone mass-increased susceptibility to fractures
  • 0%
    -drug that inhibits the production of thyroxine
Q.32.
How does negative feedback impact hormones?
  • 0%
    -female body and homeostasis-stimulation of bone growth and protection against osteoporosis
  • 0%
    -affect the transcription of various proteins that the cell can synthesize
  • 0%
    -stimulates anterior pituitary-produces TSH which then stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroxine
  • 0%
    -if the body needs a particular hormone, the hormone will be produced until there is too much of it-once there is too much of the hormone, its release will be inhibited
Q.33.
How does the TRH travel from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?
  • 0%
    -thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
  • 0%
    -endocrine system-nervous system
  • 0%
    -hypothalamic-pituitary portal system
  • 0%
    calcitonin - inhibits osteoblast activity
Q.34.
When the pancreas produces sufficient insulin but the body fails to respond, what results?
  • 0%
    -hypothalamus secretes more TRH
  • 0%
    -type 2 diabetes mellitus
  • 0%
    patients 3 and 5
  • 0%
    -release of both ACTH and CRH
Q.35.
The hypothalamus primarily secretes what kind of hormones?
  • 0%
    -tropic hormones
  • 0%
    spectrophotometer
  • 0%
    adrenal cortex
  • 0%
    the normal rat
Q.36.
What is one of the effects and potential health problems of menopause?
  • 0%
    -investigate the effects of thyroxine and TSH on a rat's metabolic rate
  • 0%
    -affect the transcription of various proteins that the cell can synthesize
  • 0%
    -loss of bone density (osteoporosis and bone fractures)
  • 0%
    calcitonin - inhibits osteoblast activity
Q.37.
Ovarian follicles produce and secrete what?
  • 0%
    -blood
  • 0%
    -posterior pituitary
  • 0%
    glucagon
  • 0%
    -estrogen
Q.38.
The metabolic rate will be indicated by what?
  • 0%
    -very close to or very far from the source of the hormone
  • 0%
    -amount of oxygen the rate consumes per time per body mass
  • 0%
    -metabolically active-more able to respond to a stimulus
  • 0%
    -influences hypothalamus-reduce production of TRH
Q.39.
examples of slow-acting hormones
  • 0%
    -tropic hormone from the hypothalamus
  • 0%
    -10^-9 to 10^-12 molar
  • 0%
    -ductless endocrine glands
  • 0%
    -steroid-thyroxine
Q.40.
The physiological response to hormones can vary depending on what?
  • 0%
    -chemical nature of the hormone-receptor location in the target cell
  • 0%
    -stimulates anterior pituitary-produces TSH which then stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroxine
  • 0%
    -how it will interact with target cells
  • 0%
    the normal rat and the hypophysectomized
Q.41.
catabolism
  • 0%
    -breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules via enzymatic reactions-breaking of chemical bonds releases energy that the cell can use
  • 0%
    -participant in thyroxine and TSH production-primary endocrine gland-secretes several hormones that affect the pituitary gland
  • 0%
    -decreased cortisol in the blood is caused by gradual destruction of the adrenal cortex and elevated ACTH levels-primary adrenal insufficiency
  • 0%
    -quantitative measurement of the mineral content of bone-indicator of the structural strength of the bone-screen for osteoporosis
Q.42.
examples of fast-acting hormones
  • 0%
    -a molecule of ATP
  • 0%
    -peptide-catecholamine
  • 0%
    -steroid-thyroxine
  • 0%
    -4 experiments-3 rats
Q.43.
A hormone-receptor complex can exert a biological action through what?
  • 0%
    -signal-transduction cascades and alteration of gene transcription at the target cell
  • 0%
    when the transport maximum for reabsorption in the kidney tubules is exceeded, as a result of type 1 diabetes or as a result of type 2 diabetes
  • 0%
    -influences hypothalamus-reduce production of TRH
  • 0%
    -thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Q.44.
FPG values less than 110 mg/dl is considered what?
  • 0%
    -tropic hormones
  • 0%
    -kidneys
  • 0%
    -normal
  • 0%
    the normal rat
Q.45.
Which two body systems coordinates and integrates the functions of different physiological systems?
  • 0%
    anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus
  • 0%
    -endocrine system-nervous system
  • 0%
    -hypothalamus secretes more TRH
  • 0%
    -no, the activities are coordinated
Q.46.
Inability of body cells to take up glucose from the blood is also a result from what?
  • 0%
    -hypercortisolism caused by an anterior pituitary tumor-increased levels of ACTH
  • 0%
    -anabolism-catabolism
  • 0%
    -skeletal muscle cells undergoing protein catabolism
  • 0%
    -enter the target cell-interact with the nucleus
Q.47.
What does soda lime do?
  • 0%
    -adrenal cortex
  • 0%
    -C cells in the thyroid gland
  • 0%
    -absorbs the carbon dioxide given off by the rat
  • 0%
    slow-acting hormone that enters the nucleus
Q.48.
ACTH release is stimulated by what?
  • 0%
    -tropic hormone from the hypothalamus
  • 0%
    anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus
  • 0%
    -ductless endocrine glands
  • 0%
    -corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Q.49.
What is the range in the blood for hormone concentration?
  • 0%
    -oxytocin
  • 0%
    TSH - posterior pituitary
  • 0%
    -thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
  • 0%
    -10^-9 to 10^-12 molar
Q.50.
Positive or negative feedback is important in regulating hormone secretion, synthesis, and effectiveness at target cells?
  • 0%
    -diabetes
  • 0%
    patients 2 an 4
  • 0%
    -secretion of other hormones
  • 0%
    -negative feedback
Q.51.
The endocrine system plays a critical role in maintaining what?
  • 0%
    -homeostasis
  • 0%
    -tropic hormones
  • 0%
    FSH - ovaries
  • 0%
    adrenal cortex
Q.52.
Estrogen affects what?
  • 0%
    -hormone that causes the muscle layer of the uterus (myometrium) to contract during childbirth
  • 0%
    -tissues that have an epithelial origin-secrete hormones into the ECF
  • 0%
    -bind to high-affinity receptors-located on the target cell's surface, in its cytosol, or in its nucleus
  • 0%
    -female body and homeostasis-stimulation of bone growth and protection against osteoporosis
Q.53.
How much glucose consumed during a meal is stored as glycogen?
  • 0%
    -oxytocin
  • 0%
    -75%
  • 0%
    -blood
  • 0%
    patient 3
Q.54.
calcitonin
  • 0%
    when the transport maximum for reabsorption in the kidney tubules is exceeded, as a result of type 1 diabetes or as a result of type 2 diabetes
  • 0%
    -hormone that causes the muscle layer of the uterus (myometrium) to contract during childbirth
  • 0%
    -participant in thyroxine and TSH production-primary endocrine gland-secretes several hormones that affect the pituitary gland
  • 0%
    -peptide hormone -counteracts development of osteoporosis -inhibits osteoclast activity-stimulates calcium uptake and deposition in long bones
Q.55.
FPG values between 110 and 126 mg/dl indicate what?
  • 0%
    -investigate the effects of thyroxine and TSH on a rat's metabolic rate
  • 0%
    -signal-transduction cascades and alteration of gene transcription at the target cell
  • 0%
    -impairment or borderline impairment of insulin-mediated glucose uptake by cells
  • 0%
    -anterior pituitary peptide hormone that stimulates ovarian follicle growth
Q.56.
propylthiouracil
  • 0%
    -drug that inhibits the production of thyroxine
  • 0%
    -tissues that have an epithelial origin-secrete hormones into the ECF
  • 0%
    -secretion of other hormones
  • 0%
    -enter the target cell-interact with the nucleus
Q.57.
When glucose levels in the plasma fall below a certain value, the alpha cells of the pancreas are stimulated to release what?
  • 0%
    -oxytocin
  • 0%
    glycogen
  • 0%
    -negative feedback
  • 0%
    -glucagon
Q.58.
The pituitary gland secretes what?
  • 0%
    -to stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete more TSH
  • 0%
    -thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • 0%
    -steroid-thyroxine
  • 0%
    the normal rat and the hypophysectomized
Q.59.
The increased levels of thyroxine influences what to do what?
  • 0%
    -enter the target cell-interact with the nucleus
  • 0%
    -influences hypothalamus-reduce production of TRH
  • 0%
    -metabolically active-more able to respond to a stimulus
  • 0%
    -chemical nature of the hormone-receptor location in the target cell
Q.60.
Hormones bind to what and where?
  • 0%
    -bind to high-affinity receptors-located on the target cell's surface, in its cytosol, or in its nucleus
  • 0%
    -low levels of cortisol due to damage to the anterior pituitary-low levels of ACTH
  • 0%
    -TRH: stimulates the release of TSH from the pituitary gland-TSH: stimulates production of thyroxine-ACTH-CRH
  • 0%
    -ductless endocrine glands
Q.61.
If TSH levels are too high, what happens to the thyroid gland?
  • 0%
    -enlarges resulting in a goiter
  • 0%
    the normal rat and the hypophysectomized
  • 0%
    -hypothalamus secretes more TRH
  • 0%
    -C cells in the thyroid gland
Q.62.
What are examples of tropic hormones?
  • 0%
    -metabolically active-more able to respond to a stimulus
  • 0%
    -TRH: stimulates the release of TSH from the pituitary gland-TSH: stimulates production of thyroxine-ACTH-CRH
  • 0%
    -to stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete more TSH
  • 0%
    -tropic hormone released by the anterior pituitary
Q.63.
iatrogenic
  • 0%
    -a molecule of ATP
  • 0%
    -thyroid gland (in the neck)
  • 0%
    -physician induced
  • 0%
    -secretion of other hormones
Q.64.
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
  • 0%
    -tropic hormone from the hypothalamus
  • 0%
    -amount of oxygen the rate consumes per time per body mass
  • 0%
    -thyroid gland (in the neck)
  • 0%
    -stop producing and secreting estrogen
Q.65.
oxytocin
  • 0%
    -female body and homeostasis-stimulation of bone growth and protection against osteoporosis
  • 0%
    -reduction in the quantity of bone -decreased bone mass-increased susceptibility to fractures
  • 0%
    -quantitative measurement of the mineral content of bone-indicator of the structural strength of the bone-screen for osteoporosis
  • 0%
    -hormone that causes the muscle layer of the uterus (myometrium) to contract during childbirth
Q.66.
What was the purpose of this physioex?
  • 0%
    -very close to or very far from the source of the hormone
  • 0%
    -tissues that have an epithelial origin-secrete hormones into the ECF
  • 0%
    -investigate the effects of thyroxine and TSH on a rat's metabolic rate
  • 0%
    -amount of oxygen the rate consumes per time per body mass
Q.67.
Where is TRH secreted from?
  • 0%
    -posterior pituitary
  • 0%
    -homeothermic
  • 0%
    -steroid-thyroxine
  • 0%
    -hypothalamus
Q.68.
ovariectomized rats
  • 0%
    -rats that no longer produce estrogen because their ovaries were surgically removed
  • 0%
    -drug that inhibits the production of thyroxine
  • 0%
    -very close to or very far from the source of the hormone
  • 0%
    -hormone that causes the muscle layer of the uterus (myometrium) to contract during childbirth
Q.69.
The production of thyroxine is controlled by what?
  • 0%
    -secretion of other hormones
  • 0%
    -how it will interact with target cells
  • 0%
    -pituitary gland (hypophysis)
  • 0%
    the normal rat and the hypophysectomized
Q.70.
What secretes cortisol?
  • 0%
    -2.5 and below
  • 0%
    adrenal cortex
  • 0%
    patients 2 and 5
  • 0%
    -adrenal cortex
Q.71.
Peptide and catecholamine attach to what and cause what?
  • 0%
    -TRH: stimulates the release of TSH from the pituitary gland-TSH: stimulates production of thyroxine-ACTH-CRH
  • 0%
    -affect the transcription of various proteins that the cell can synthesize
  • 0%
    -attach to a plasma-membrane receptor-causes a second-messenger cascade in the cytoplasm of the target cell
  • 0%
    -impairment or borderline impairment of insulin-mediated glucose uptake by cells
Q.72.
hypothalamic-pituitary portal system
  • 0%
    -specialized arrangement of blood vessels that consists of a single portal vein that connects two capillary beds-transports many hormones from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland
  • 0%
    -female body and homeostasis-stimulation of bone growth and protection against osteoporosis
  • 0%
    -decreased cortisol in the blood is caused by gradual destruction of the adrenal cortex and elevated ACTH levels-primary adrenal insufficiency
  • 0%
    -participant in thyroxine and TSH production-primary endocrine gland-secretes several hormones that affect the pituitary gland
Q.73.
Glucose absorbed from the blood is used for what?
  • 0%
    -muscle and liver cells
  • 0%
    -adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • 0%
    -fuel for metabolism-stored as glycogen
  • 0%
    glycogen