the different positions in the group, each with its own set of norms

the theory that we tend to give a casual explanation for someone's behavior, often by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition

the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors

paid people $1 to lie, $20 to lie, and nothing to lie. Those who experienced the most pleasure were the $1 liars. The experimenters concluded that human beings, when asked to lie without being given sufficient justification, will convince themselves that the lie they are asked to tell is the truth.

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group

This social psychologist studied how people behave when they are asked to play roles, in particular as prison guards or prisoners.

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

an act of doing as another wishes or yielding to a request or command; a tendency to yield to others

Personal factors of the individual being the main explanation for their behaviour

tendency to favor individuals within our group over those from outside our group

the tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members

superficial factors (supermodels and celebrities) used as distractors, leading to less stable change in attitudes.

When white smoke comes in, you are much less likely to respond if there are passive confederates. Proves pluralistic ignorance- assume nothing is wrong because others seem unconcerned

a request is made of someone that will be surely turned down, only to be followed by a lesser, or less demanding request.

the quality of unselfish concern for the welfare of others

idea that if you do something for someone, they owe you something in return

children in a summer camp were divided into two groups on an arbitrary basis and made to engage in competition with each other. This engendered intergroup hostility and dislike, which was found to be greatly reduced when a task requiring the two groups to cooperate (on superordinate goals) was introduced.

Aggression as a means to some goal other than causing pain

a theoretical model that posits two channels by which persuasive appeals lead to attitude change: a central route and a peripheral route

generalized beliefs about what members of an identifiable group are like that operate as schemas when perceiving members of those groups

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

reduction in sense of responsibility often felt by individuals in a group; may be responsible for the bystander effect

tendency to view all individuals outside our group as highly similar

an expectation that causes you to act in ways that make that expectation come true.

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

a collection of people who interact with one another and have a certain feeling of unity

environmental stimuli that affect a person's behavior.

the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition